tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-16112839655094334512024-03-05T12:13:52.986+01:00Elasticity, Resilience, Antifragility in CoLlective and Individual Objects and SystemsVincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.comBlogger38125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-43103616638220422212020-11-20T10:35:00.001+01:002020-11-20T10:35:16.137+01:00Voting-based approximation of dependability attributes and its application to redundancy schemata in distributed computing environments<p>On November 25 my student, Jonas Buys, is going to defend his doctoral dissertation. You are cordially invited to his on-line doctoral defense:</p><p><i>Voting-based approximation of dependability attributes and its application to redundancy schemata in distributed computing environments</i></p><p><a href="https://www.uantwerpen.be/popup/kalenderonderdeel.aspx?calitem_id=9534&c=LANDP32&n=105387" target="_blank">https://www.uantwerpen.be/popup/kalenderonderdeel.aspx?calitem_id=9534&c=LANDP32&n=105387</a></p><p>
<b>Abstract</b>
<br />
</p><p>Business- and mission-critical distributed applications are
increasingly expected to exhibit highly dependable characteristics,
particularly in the areas of availability and QoS-related factors such
as timeliness. For this type of applications, a complete cessation or a
subnormal performance of the service they provide, as well as late or
invalid results, are likely to result in significant monetary penalties,
environmental disaster or human injury. However, software components
deployed within distributed computing systems may inherently suffer from
several types of impairments, such as long response times or temporary
unavailability.</p>
<p>Adopting classic redundancy-based fault-tolerant design patterns,
such as NVP, in highly dynamic distributed computing systems does not
necessarily result in the anticipated improvement in dependability. This
primarily stems from the statically predefined redundancy
configurations hardwired within such dependability strategies, i.e. a
fixed degree of redundancy and, accordingly, an immutable selection of
functionally-equivalent software components, which may negatively impact
the schemes’ overall effectiveness, at least from the following two
angles. Firstly, a static, context-agnostic redundancy configuration may
in time lead to a more rapid exhaustion of the available redundancy
and, therefore, fail to properly counterbalance any disturbances
possibly affecting the operational status (context) of any of the
components integrated within the dependability scheme. Secondly, the
amount of redundancy, in conjunction with the voting algorithm,
determines how many simultaneously failing versions the NVP composite
can tolerate. A predetermined degree of redundancy is, however, cost
ineffective in that it inhibits to economise on resource consumption in
case the actual number of disturbances could be successfully overcome by
a lesser amount of redundancy.</p>
<p>In this thesis, a novel dependability strategy is introduced
encompassing advanced redundancy management, aiming to autonomously tune
its internal redundancy configuration in function of the observed
disturbances. Designed to sustain high availability and reliability,
this adaptive fault-tolerant strategy may dynamically alter the amount
of redundancy and the selection of functionally-equivalent resources
employed within the redundancy scheme. In doing so, the algorithm relies
on a number of measures designed for approximating the operational
status of the redundancy configuration in terms of availability, and of
individual resources in terms of reliability. Discrete-event simulation
is used to analyse the effectiveness and performance of the algorithm,
and to illustrate how it addresses the shortcomings commonly observed in
conventional NVP approach.</p>
<br />
<br />
<b>Link:</b> <a href="https://eu.bbcollab.com/guest/597ff82aa257430eadc7d3dbcb1205e4" target="_blank">https://eu.bbcollab.com/guest/597ff82aa257430eadc7d3dbcb1205e4</a>
<p><strong class="gmail-ql-hashtag">#adaptive</strong> <strong class="gmail-ql-hashtag">#faulttolerance</strong> <strong class="gmail-ql-hashtag">#dependability</strong> <strong class="gmail-ql-hashtag">#redundancy</strong> <strong class="gmail-ql-hashtag">#redundancysupport</strong> <strong class="gmail-ql-hashtag">#antifragile</strong> <strong class="gmail-ql-hashtag">#antifragility</strong> <strong class="gmail-ql-hashtag">#computationalantifragility</strong> <strong class="gmail-ql-hashtag">#antifragileengineering</strong></p>
Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-88434251452757896442019-10-28T09:33:00.002+01:002019-10-28T09:33:28.385+01:00<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Bitter, serif; font-size: 14.6667px; text-align: center;">
The Sixth International Workshop on</h2>
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Computational Antifragility</div>
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and</div>
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Antifragile Engineering</div>
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<strong>in the framework of the 11th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies, </strong>April 6 - 9, 2020, Warsaw, Poland</h2>
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Resilience is one of those "general systems attributes" that appear to play a central role in several disciplines--including ecology, business, psychology, industrial safety, microeconomics, computer networks, security, management science, cybernetics, control theory, crisis and disaster management. Despite being such an important <em>systemic ingredient</em>, no consensual definition of resilience has been proposed. Perhaps resilience could be better captured by considering the Aristotelian concept of entelechy: a resilient system is an entelechy, namely one that strives to preserve its characteristics; or with the words of Aristotle, it <strong>"is-at-work to stay-the-same"</strong>, meaning that an antifragile system <strong>autonomosly adapts its function, structure, <em>and identity</em></strong>, in order to <strong>systematically improve its system-environment fit</strong>. An antifragile system is thus one that may sacrifice some of its peculiar characteristics so long as it <strong><em>matches better</em></strong> with the conditions timely expressed by its deployment environment. It is a system able to take autonomic decisions as to its own adaptation <strong><em>and evolution</em></strong>.</div>
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Engineering a resilient system thus means designing a system whose major goal is to <strong>preserve its identity</strong>, and does so <strong>by adapting its function and structure</strong> so as to compensate for faults, failures, and attacks. In the context of computer systems, system identity is the set of functional and non-functional properties that are to characterize the system given the specifications of that system.</div>
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If we define resilience as above, it is easier to understand what is Antifragility, the concept recently highlighted by Professor Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his <a href="https://books.google.be/books?id=5fqbz_qGi0AC" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">book</a>. Antifragility is the property of a system that <strong>"is-at-work to get better"</strong>,</div>
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This means that an antifragile system would autonomosly adapt its function, structure, and identity, in order to systematically improve its system-environment fit. An antifragile system is thus one that may sacrifice some of its peculiar characteristics (at least, peculiar with reference to its specification!) so long as it matches better with the conditions timely expressed by its deployment environment. It is a system able to take autonomic decisions as to its own adaptation and evolution.</div>
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As explained, e.g., in <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050914007042" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">this article</a> by Dr. Kennie H. Jones of NASA, the engineering of antifragile computer-based systems is a challenge that, once met, would allow systems and ambients to self-evolve and self-improve by learning from accidents and mistakes in a way not dissimilar to that of human beings. Learning how to design and craft antifragile systems is an extraordinary challenge whose tackling is likely to reverberate on many a computer engineering field. New methods, programming languages, even custom platforms will have to be designed. The expected returns are extraordinary as well: antifragile computer engineering promises to enable realizing truly autonomic systems and ambients able to meta-adapt to changing circumstances; to self-adjust to dynamically changing environments and ambients; to self-organize so as to track dynamically and proactively optimal strategies to sustain scalability, high-performance, and energy efficiency; to personalize their aspects and behaviors after each and every user. And to learn how to get better while doing it.</div>
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Learning how to design and craft antifragile systems is an extraordinary challenge whose tackling is likely to reverberate on many a computer engineering field. New methods, programming languages, even custom platforms will have to be designed. The expected returns are extraordinary as well: antifragile computer engineering promises to enable realizing truly autonomic systems and ambients able to meta-adapt to changing circumstances; to self-adjust to dynamically changing environments and ambients; to self-organize so as to track dynamically and proactively optimal strategies to sustain scalability, high-performance, and energy efficiency; to personalize their aspects and behaviors after each and every user. And to learn how to get better while doing it. The last six Editions of our workshop were enriched by the participation of Professor Taleb and Dr. Kennie H. Jones who kindly provided their keynote speeches. Today we aim to further enhance the awareness of the challenges of antifragile engineering and extend the discussion on how computer and software engineering may address them, also considering additional domains where antifragile behaviors would be very desirable. In particular, we shall consider two new domains to this seventh Edition of ANTIFRAGILE:</div>
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<li>A first domain is <strong>antifragile transition onto sustainable development</strong>: Thus far, societal transitions have been spontaneous collective behaviors that did not result in any sustainable relationship with our environments. Interaction between the human societies and the global eco-system they inhabit interaction has resulted in phenomena that in the long run could endanger our species and the whole planet. Is an antifragile, human-induced transition onto sustainable development possible? How to design and steer such a transition so that our societies learn to systematically improve the human-environment fit?</li>
<li>A second domain is <strong>antifragile drone control</strong>: The focus here is air traffic management and how the advent of drones is impacting on all aspects of the air transportation industry. Self-learning, self-safe drones could represent a key ingredient to prevent disruptions and accidents.</li>
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As a design aspect cross-cutting through all system and communication layers, antifragile engineering calls for multi-disciplinary visions and approaches able to bridge the gaps between “distant” research communities so as to:</div>
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<li>propose novel solutions to design, develop, and evaluate antifragile systems and ambients</li>
<li>devise computational models and paradigms for antifragile engineering</li>
<li>provide analytical and simulation models and tools to measure a system's ability to withstand faults, adjust to new environments, and enhance their identity and resilience in the process</li>
<li>foster the exchange of ideas and promote discussions able to steer future research and development efforts in the area of computational antifragility</li>
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The main topics of the workshop include, but are not limited to:</div>
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<li>Antifragile Societal Transitions</li>
<li>Antifragile Drone Systems</li>
<li>Antifragile Social Systems</li>
<li>Antifragile Cities</li>
<li>Antifragile Communities</li>
<li>Antifragile Services</li>
<li>Antifragile Learning (Evolving Learning Machines)</li>
<li>Machine learning as a foundation to antifragile behaviors: Reinforcement learning, deep learning, and so on</li>
<li>Antifragile games</li>
<li>Antifragile cars</li>
<li>Internet-of-(Antifragile?)-Things</li>
<li>Conceptual frameworks for antifragile systems, ambients, and behaviours</li>
<li>Dependability, resilience, and antifragile requirements and open issues</li>
<li>Design principles, models, and techniques for realizing antifragile systems and behaviours</li>
<li>Frameworks and techniques enabling resilient and antifragile applications</li>
<li>Discussion and analysis if antifragile applications</li>
<li>Antifragile human-machine interaction</li>
<li>End-to-end approaches towards antifragile services</li>
<li>Autonomic antifragile behaviours</li>
<li>Middleware architectures and mechanisms for resilience and antifragility</li>
<li>Theoretical foundation of resilient and antifragile behaviours</li>
<li>Formal methods for resilience and antifragility</li>
<li>Programming language support for resilience and antifragility</li>
<li>Machine learning as a foundation of resilient and antifragile architectures</li>
<li>Antifragility and resiliency against malicious attacks</li>
<li>Modeling of antifragile systems (e.g., through Petri Nets)</li>
<li>Antifragility and the Cloud</li>
<li>Resilience and antifragility in human-computer interaction</li>
<li>Identity drifting in evolving systems (e.g., security aspects)</li>
<li>Specification and verification of resilient and antifragile systems</li>
<li>Programming language support for antifragility</li>
<li>Models of concurrent behaviors of "parts" leading to antifragile behaviors of the "whole"</li>
<li>Safety and security issues with reference to systems able to self-evolve their identity</li>
<li>Ethics issues related to antifragility</li>
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All ANT-2020 accepted papers (thus including the ANTifragile 2020 papers) will be published by Elsevier Science in the open-access Procedia Computer Science series on-line. Procedia Computer Sciences is hosted on <a href="https://antifragile-2020.glitch.me/www.elsevier.com" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">Elsevier.com</a> and on Elsevier content platform <a href="https://antifragile-2020.glitch.me/www.sciencedirect.com" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">ScienceFirect.com</a>, and will be freely available worldwide.</div>
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All papers in Procedia will be indexed by <a href="https://antifragile-2020.glitch.me/www.scopus.com" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">Scopus.com</a> and by <a href="http://thomsonreuters.com/conference-proceedings-citation-index/" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">Thomson Reuters' Conference Proceeding Citation Index</a>. The papers will contain linked references, XML versions and citable DOI numbers. You will be able to provide a hyperlink to all delegates and direct your conference website visitors to your proceedings. All accepted papers will also be indexed in DBLP (http://dblp.uni-trier.de/).</div>
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Selected papers may be invited for publication in special issues of international journals. For example, the <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40860-015-0014-2" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">December 2015 issue</a> of the Springer's Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environment was one such special issue.</div>
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Finally, as in previous editions, this year ANTifragile shall include a t-Workshop, namely an event taking place at the same time in the physical venue of the Workshop in Warsaw and in the Twitter social space! We're evaluating solutions making it possible for the live talks to be streamed to Twitter users, and at the same time to allow Twitter users to interact with the speakers, pose questions at the end of their presentations, and also to participate to our open discussion on the future of computational antifragility. People interested in the event may follow the hashtag #ANtWorkshop to receive fresh news about our event!</div>
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Contact Information</h1>
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For any further information, please do not hesitate to contact any of the Chairs of this edition:</div>
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<li>Vincenzo De Florio - Global Brain Institute - vincenzo.deflorio at gmail.com</li>
<li>Stefano Serafini - Bio Urbanism - stefano.serafini at biourbanism.org</li>
<li>Stefano Marrone - Second University of Naples - stefano.marrone at unicampania.it</li>
<li>Bryan Knowles - University of Wisconsin Madison - baknowles at wisc.edu</li>
</ul>
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Important Dates</h1>
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<strong>Submission deadline:</strong> January 10, 2020</div>
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<strong>Review reports sent to authors:</strong> January 17, 2020</div>
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<strong>Final submission deadline:</strong> January 24, 2020</div>
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<strong>Workshop date:</strong> April 6 or 7, 2020 <em>date to be confirmed</em></div>
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Resources</h1>
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Antifragile computing systems are those resilient systems that are:</div>
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<li>auto-resilient, namely open to their own system-environment fit</li>
<li>auto-predictive, namely able to extrapolate on the reconfigurations that improve their own system-environment fit</li>
<li>and that develop wisdom as a result of matches between available strategies and obtained results</li>
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A few resources on computational antifragility are listed herein:</div>
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<li>A description of two of the papers of the first edition of the workshop, as well as their presentations, is available <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.com/2014/06/antifragile-2014-part-1-keynote-speech.html" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">here</a></li>
<li>The <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.com/" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">ERACLIOS blog</a> (Elasticity, Resilience, Antifragility in CoLlective and Individual Objects and Systems)</li>
<li>"On Resilient Behaviors in Computational Systems and Environments", by V. De Florio - <a href="https://www.academia.edu/11736157/On_Resilient_Behaviors_in_Computational_Systems_and_Environments" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">download</a> - <a href="http://citation-needed.services.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s40860-015-0002-6?format=bibtex&flavour=citation" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">bibtex</a></li>
<li>"On environments as systemic exoskeletons: Crosscutting optimizers and antifragility enablers", by V. De Florio - <a href="https://www.academia.edu/14836816/On_environments_as_systemic_exoskeletons_Crosscutting_optimizers_and_antifragility_enablers" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">download</a> - <a href="http://citation-needed.services.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s40860-015-0006-2?format=bibtex&flavour=citation" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">bibtex</a></li>
<li>"Antifragility = Elasticity + Resilience + Machine Learning Models and Algorithms for Open System Fidelity", by V. De Florio - <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050914006991" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold; text-decoration-line: none;">download</a></li>
</ul>
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Submission and Camera Ready Instructions</h1>
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Submissions shall be managed by sending submissions to vincenzo.deflorio at gmail.com.</div>
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Paper size is limited to 6 pages. Two additional pages may be added for a price. Please refer to the pages of ANT 2020 for more detail on this.</div>
Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-57790640745666368062019-01-02T18:53:00.001+01:002019-01-02T18:53:48.633+01:00Anomaly detection as detecting identity drifting<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Suppose you want to detect man-in-the-middle attacks – a typical
case of cybercrime in which the legit user of a system is taken over by a malicious
attacker (either human or computer-based).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Which machine learning would best match said problem? The major
issue is that this a case of anomaly detection – one wants to detect a
condition that is usually very rare. No or very few public datasets describe malicious
transactions of this type, so if one wants to construct a training set for a
machine learning algorithm, one has a large number of negative examples (legit
transactions) and very few, if any, positive examples. How to deal with this issue?</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: list 72.0pt;">
A solution is the one modelled
in my paper “<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.4862">Antifragility =
Elasticity + Resilience + Machine Learning: Models and Algorithms for Open
System Fidelity</a>”: to encode the normal behaviour and detect anomalies
as driftings from the normal behaviour. A way to do this is by means of Markov
chains – a powerful mathematical model that has been used, e.g., to generate
random text in the style of a reference text. The idea is to use a reference Corpus
– for instance, the Plays of Shakespeare – and feed them into a program that
approximates the probabilities of observing a given word, given that that word
is preceded by a number of other words. As an oversimplified example, one would
calculate the probability that « to » and « be » are
followed by « or », the probability that « be » and « or »
are followed by « not », the probability that « or » and
« not » are followed by « to », and so forth: </div>
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« not » } = some value y<br />
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>etc</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Those probabilities would capture the peculiar way in which
sentences are constructed in the reference Corpus – its <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">identity</b>, if you like. The random text would then be generated by
taking a “random walk” from an initial sequence to a final one – as if the
probabilities were the orbits of a dynamic system on words (namely, through the
same approach I used in my paper “<a href="https://www.complex-systems.com/abstracts/v15_i02_a01/">Permutation Numbers</a>”).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How can the above mathematical model be of use to solve of
our anomaly detection problem? It’s actually quite simple: one has to construct
an analogy between the sentences in a reference Corpus and the behaviour exercised
by the user of a software system. What does a user of a software system
typically does? S/he uses a graphical user interface to specify actions that
s/he requires to be executed. How is this done in practice? By visiting the
widgets of the user interface, pressing keys, and so forth. Think of those actions
as words in a sentence, and the interaction sessions of user U as the sentences
that user U “says”. Then we can use the Markov approach and approximate the
probabilities that a given number of user interface actions be followed by
another such action. Those probabilities then encode… the reference behaviour
of user U when using a given interface!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For each user U then one could create a set of reference
probabilities I(U), representing the stereotypical behaviour of U – namely, its
identity. Every time U logs into the system, I(U) would then be loaded and used
as a reference identity. The new interaction session would then be used to construct
a new set of probabilities, C(U). The distance of I(U) from C(U) would then quantitatively
express the experienced anomaly. When said distance would become larger than a
given threshold, the system would declare a case of man-in-the-middle attack.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Note that the same approach could be used to detect a slow drifting
away of C(U) from I(U). This would represent a monotonic change in the user
stereotype, which could be a sign the user developing fatigue of perception/
cognitive disorders.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The pictures below describes the approach via a collaboration diagram. User U expresses actions such as "visualize flights"; an instrumented user interface received the action and forwards the information to an "interaction logger" that creates a suitable representation for the "sentence" that U is building. The Markovian analyzer is then notified so as to update the probabilities describing the "sentence". At the end, those probabilities are stored into I(U). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTjNVAdRM_-U_WNDJQSzd_NzrJ-USyvDIntVueeZe1ja-yZ6BTM0M5LWqqx_rUx_YXHZqhog8FodgfwijbmUWNj5p5BHsv0Qnemu2jS0pRSGP1CPZNFNvU3vOcfaCiH1r6CUdVv8x5NnAk/s1600/Untitled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="922" data-original-width="1481" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTjNVAdRM_-U_WNDJQSzd_NzrJ-USyvDIntVueeZe1ja-yZ6BTM0M5LWqqx_rUx_YXHZqhog8FodgfwijbmUWNj5p5BHsv0Qnemu2jS0pRSGP1CPZNFNvU3vOcfaCiH1r6CUdVv8x5NnAk/s320/Untitled.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At run-time, a new set of reference probabilities, C(U), is constructed and compared with I(U). An alarm is issued when the discrepancy between those two values becomes too large:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrqDjRzjWRIAMKka2EJ75qo5E4hjB7PVC_rGQF1MLKEQErkqS43GmicUasfzzmbSIeDPPjxWlVoFBtO_Al9-6TUeV5YJ-0LRhxijLTWMxZNE90hjDv8sVeXwzL28jbi9ARlsk0cdbGFA6R/s1600/Untitled2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="951" data-original-width="1460" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrqDjRzjWRIAMKka2EJ75qo5E4hjB7PVC_rGQF1MLKEQErkqS43GmicUasfzzmbSIeDPPjxWlVoFBtO_Al9-6TUeV5YJ-0LRhxijLTWMxZNE90hjDv8sVeXwzL28jbi9ARlsk0cdbGFA6R/s320/Untitled2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-69262597580420352182018-02-11T18:36:00.000+01:002018-02-11T18:36:05.368+01:00A hypothesis in evolutionary biology <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
Many authors, starting with the classic work by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivers%E2%80%93Willard_hypothesis" target="_blank">Trivers and Willard</a> [1], hypothesized the existence of
“conditions” able to influence or control the sex of the offspring. Ever since
the publication of that classic work, researchers have been producing an
impressive amount of results that either bring evidence or contradict that hypothesis.
This production has been chaotic to say the least, with scholars deriving their
conclusions from “facts” ranging from dubious interpretations of microscope
images to extremely serious mathematical and statistical models of the many
organs and processes at play. I am merely an information scientist, lacking too
many important pieces in this trans-disciplinary problem. But I have read
several papers on this, and my focus on information led me to a simple
observation: in information science, what is really important is <em>the
variation of the signal</em> rather than the signal itself; in other words, it
is a signal's variation that carries information -- it is a message -- while a
steady signal it is not. As an example, a diet is a signal while a change in a
diet, especially when it is a significant change – it is a message. Evidence
corroborating this idea may be found in several works. Professor Elissa Cameron
and her team, for instance, found out [2] that, rather than glucose, it is the
glucose <em>gradient</em> that might play a role in adjusting the offspring’s
sex ratio in mice. This gradient represents a “message” from the environment,
declaring the onset of a more favorable condition. The existence of “messages”
of the opposite sign and outcome is also discussed by Professor Kristen Navara,
who hypothesizes “a bias toward females during times of stress”, mediated by
glucocorticoids in her very interesting paper [3]. A stress /
glucocorticoids-gradient signals in this case a time where an investment in a
male offspring would not be advisable.<br />
Testosterone gradients are another example. It is well known how such
changes represent “boosts” that can lead to more daring behaviors. The late Dr.
Valerie J Grant, in several articles (e.g. [4]) and her book ([5]) suggests
that higher levels of testosterone might be associated with a higher sex ratio.
Results are a little contradictory though, and I suspect that this might be due
to measurements of the signal and not of its variations. Also it is not clear
to me whether testosterone would have a causal role or rise “simply” as a side
effect of some “first cause.”<br />
Other examples of such gradients may be found in the huge bibliography of
Dr. William H. James, who drew several hypotheses of endocrine mechanisms to
control or influence the sex ratio (see e.g. [6], [7]).<br />
Of course, if we assume that such messages are actually “there,” a logical
question would be: <em>Which type of messages</em> are at play here? My answer
comes from considering the theory of a fractal organization of the all – as one
can find, for instance, the human body. The latter is composed of a primary
unit "personifying" the whole – the brain – and a sophisticated
hierarchy of organized systems, each of which is further composed of hierarchies
of organized sub-systems. The overall functioning of the human body requires
messages flowing from one end to the other, signaling actions that need to be
taken when certain conditions are established; hormonal messages are a typical
example of this large distributed organization.<br />
My conclusion is then that mechanisms for the alteration of the gender of
the offspring could possibly be formulated in terms of a distributed system of
said messages. Perhaps a distributed system of <strong>fractally organized</strong>
messages! Messages that is with a scope that ranges from the micro to the
macro, signaling waves of actions that could "tune" our internal
mechanisms after the external conditions expressed by the environment. In a
number of my papers (e.g. [7], [8], [9]), I have suggested that said mechanism
could be modeled, in sociotechnical systems, in terms of evolutionary game
theory -- which I believe is very much in line with what had been theorized by
Trivers and Willard. In fact, my conjecture is that particular messages from
the “whole” (the brain) to the “parts” (the systems of organs) are meant to
provide contextual information to the latter ones in order to adjust their
local action in such a way as to favor a global condition matching the passed
information. Local conditions favoring the birth of an offspring with an
optimal evolutionary advantage are maybe the outcome of those messages. As a
response, “thinner” messages would request the onset of other conditions of a
“lesser” (hierarchical) scope. In this view, one could say that Dr. James'
hypotheses characterize the endocrine nature of a "layer" of those
messages.<br />
<br />
As Dr. James himself expressed multiple times <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[10], the verification of an hypothesis such
as mine would require the collaboration of many a specialist in domains I’m not
acquainted with. I hope this short text may produce some interest and trigger
exchange of ideas and chances for collaboration.<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">References</span></h2>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[1] Trivers, Robert L. &
Willard, Dan E.. Natural Selection of Parental Ability to Vary the Sex Ratio of
Offspring. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Science</i>, 05 Jan 1973 :
90-92</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[2] Cameron, Elissa & R
Lemons, Patrick & Bateman, Philip & Bennett, Nigel. (2008).
Experimental alteration of litter sex ratios in a mammal. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Proceedings. Biological sciences</i> / The Royal Society. 275. 323-7.
10.1098/rspb.2007.1401. </span><span lang="NL-BE"><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5800238_Experimental_alteration_of_litter_sex_ratios_in_a_mammal" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5800238_Experimental_alteration_of_litter_sex_ratios_in_a_mammal</a></span><span lang="NL-BE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[3] Navara, Kristen. (2010).
Programming of offspring sex ratios by maternal stress in humans: Assessment of
physiological mechanisms using a comparative approach. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of comparative physiology</i>. B, Biochemical, systemic, and
environmental physiology. 180. 785-96. 10.1007/s00360-010-0483-9. </span><span lang="NL-BE"><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44669486_Programming_of_offspring_sex_ratios_by_maternal_stress_in_humans_Assessment_of_physiological_mechanisms_using_a_comparative_approach" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44669486_Programming_of_offspring_sex_ratios_by_maternal_stress_in_humans_Assessment_of_physiological_mechanisms_using_a_comparative_approach</a></span><span lang="NL-BE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="NL-BE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[4] Grant V. J., et al. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(2010). Can mammalian mothers influence the
sex of their offspring peri-conceptually? <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Reproduction</i>
<b>140</b>(3):425-33. doi: 10.1530/REP-10-0137.</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[5] Grant, Valerie J. (1998)
Maternal Personality, Evolution and the Sex Ratio: Do Mothers Control the Sex
of the Infant? Rouletdge. ISBN: 978-0415158800</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[6] James, William H (2008).
Evidence that mammalian sex ratios at birth are partially controlled by
parental hormone levels around the time of conception. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Endocrinology</i> <b>198</b>, 3–15</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[7] De Florio, V. Interpretations
of the concepts of resilience and evolution in the philosophy of Leibniz, <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301625189_Interpretations_of_the_concepts_of_resilience_and_evolution_in_the_philosophy_of_Leibniz?lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_pulse_read%3BCysaBe3lSRGth%2FcUxoup%2Bw%3D%3D">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301625189_Interpretations_of_the_concepts_of_resilience_and_evolution_in_the_philosophy_of_Leibniz</a></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[8] De Florio, V. Resilience
as concurrent interplays of opponents: preliminary ideas and call for
collaborations!<b> </b></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><a href="http://www.academia.edu/16681680/Resilience_as_concurrent_interplays_of_opponents_preliminary_ideas_and_call_for_collaborations_">http://www.academia.edu/16681680/Resilience_as_concurrent_interplays_of_opponents_preliminary_ideas_and_call_for_collaborations_</a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[9] De Florio, V. (2017) Systems,
Resilience, and Organization: Analogies and Points of Contact with Hierarchy
Theory. Procedia Computer Science <b>109</b>, pp. 935-942. </span><span lang="NL-BE"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.430" target="_blank" title="Persistent link using digital object identifier"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.430</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: left; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[10] James, William H.
(2013). "How Studies Of Human Sex Ratios At Birth May Lead To The
Understanding Of Several Forms Of Pathology" <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints</i>. Paper 37. <a href="http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol_preprints/37">http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol_preprints/37</a></span></div>
Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-9095105789617585352018-02-03T01:13:00.000+01:002018-02-03T01:13:38.422+01:00Remembering Jean-Claude LaprieOn May 2, 2007, I was in Erlangen, Germany, at the EWICS-ReSIST Joint Workshop on "Teaching Resilient Computing". I presented there my ideas about a possible M.Sc. course on software resilience. It was there that I had the pleasure to meet -- for the first and only time, Jean-Claude Laprie. I'm glad I had with me my camera, so that I could take a few picture of the Maestro.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTSxqD6YzH5jwF1zxWevszj_aqab7VgGf8DsgjRhZ-FwV13UepzXhDPTTa6WVnUu1GVWUOBOScPjXIdtENODB74OlSsg7VbTmHE_Ig2y0rvPyObjMvEdBRlkezWlHhHy_kIqk25dcy_Weq/s1600/IM002184.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTSxqD6YzH5jwF1zxWevszj_aqab7VgGf8DsgjRhZ-FwV13UepzXhDPTTa6WVnUu1GVWUOBOScPjXIdtENODB74OlSsg7VbTmHE_Ig2y0rvPyObjMvEdBRlkezWlHhHy_kIqk25dcy_Weq/s400/IM002184.JPG" width="400" height="300" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="1200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUYQja63QHOdWdZz3E7lkkTqZ5L8hzKp_B_ZiCuUHCfSn-B3p_R6Q-P00tnprdcqlQacmSY1rsDtazCmChqrrGToRUz2bXxRyCjK9YgHBSY3kweRtckPQ2LM2hZHq3k9kPzOLzgUIfg38F/s1600/IM002182.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUYQja63QHOdWdZz3E7lkkTqZ5L8hzKp_B_ZiCuUHCfSn-B3p_R6Q-P00tnprdcqlQacmSY1rsDtazCmChqrrGToRUz2bXxRyCjK9YgHBSY3kweRtckPQ2LM2hZHq3k9kPzOLzgUIfg38F/s400/IM002182.JPG" width="400" height="300" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="1200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF1eeqSTV94x2Wdkw8s-NSm_6MqlEqqyloMzaBk2_eUKOcZ4uMzirqCkecfZxrLDUmw9L-cOX7KBXtoGT-eL2XG65MtnZaLGpL1LFLjmqMIwbOrG_cGQehrAzrDA360baEHEV3L3UMqTbz/s1600/IM002183.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF1eeqSTV94x2Wdkw8s-NSm_6MqlEqqyloMzaBk2_eUKOcZ4uMzirqCkecfZxrLDUmw9L-cOX7KBXtoGT-eL2XG65MtnZaLGpL1LFLjmqMIwbOrG_cGQehrAzrDA360baEHEV3L3UMqTbz/s400/IM002183.JPG" width="400" height="300" data-original-width="1600" data-original-height="1200" /></a></div>Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-52571922488009495932017-06-15T21:25:00.002+02:002017-06-15T21:25:29.489+02:00Interesting questions about resilience and antifragility<span class="text">A colleague and member of the <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8123245">Computational Antifragility</a> linked-in group, Dr. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/konstapel/">Hans Konstapel</a>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8123245/8123245-6281057542953017346">asked today</a>:</span><br />
<span class="text"><br /></span>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span class="text">"The resilient resists shocks and stays the same,
while the antifragile entity gets better". What is the relationship
between a Shock and the "Antifragile" or the "Resilient" and what is the
difference between the "Antifragile" and the "Resilient". If both are
"identities" perhaps a "shock" is also an identity. If so is a "shock"
resilient or even anti-fragile?</span></blockquote>
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<span class="text"> This is my reply to Dr. Konstapel's interesting questions.</span><br />
<span class="text"><br /></span>
<br /><span class="text">My understanding is as follows:<br />the difference in
the resilient and the antifragile is not in their reaction to a Change
or a Shock. In fact, under certain circumstances, the reaction of a
resilient system might be such that the system masks/tolerates the new
conditions. The same conditions might lead the antifragile to a failure.
The added value of the antifragile system is the "genetic feedback"
that those conditions produce. The resilient system is an "entelechy",
namely does its best to "stay the same", and in doing so it repeats the
same strategy on and on. The identity of the system is immutable. Not so
the antifragile system: the identity of such system is dynamic -- which
of course might also introduce concern (see for instance Stephen
Hawking's plea against unbound AI).<br />More information e.g. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Flink%2Espringer%2Ecom%2Farticle%2F10%2E1007%252Fs40860-015-0002-6&urlhash=v_OH&_t=tracking_anet" target="_blank">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40860-015-0002-6</a> and <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=http%3A%2F%2Flink%2Espringer%2Ecom%2Farticle%2F10%2E1007%252Fs40860-015-0006-2&urlhash=RAr8&_t=tracking_anet" target="_blank">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40860-015-0006-2</a>.</span><br />
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<span class="text"><span class="text">Re: your interesting question: in my opinion the
Shock is an action of the system we are in contact with -- the
"environment"-system. Said system may indeed be resilient; antifragile;
elastic; or plain "stupid" (meaning, able to only exercise
non-purposeful behaviors). In fact in my opinion Game Theory is the
perfect modeling tool to reason about the outcome of the interaction
between the system and its environment.<br />(As a side note, it is
significant that all the above ideas can be found already in Leibniz and
His concept of compossible and non-compossible substances...)<br />More information here: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/redir/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eresearchgate%2Enet%2Fpublication%2F301625189_Interpretations_of_the_concepts_of_resilience_and_evolution_in_the_philosophy_of_Leibniz%3F_iepl%255BviewId%255D%3DTvwIy8Vsiemlv7SeJ70SD8D7%26_iepl%255BprofilePublicationItemVariant%255D%3Ddefault%26_iepl%255Bcontexts%255D%255B0%255D%3Dprfpi%26_iepl%255BtargetEntityId%255D%3DPB%253A301625189%26_iepl%255BinteractionType%255D%3DpublicationTitle&urlhash=YuTp&_t=tracking_anet" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301625189_Interpretations_of_the_concepts_of_resilience_and_evolution_in_the_philosophy_of_Leibniz?_iepl%5BviewId%5D=TvwIy8Vsiemlv7SeJ70SD8D7&_iepl%5BprofilePublicationItemVariant%5D=default&_iepl%5Bcontexts%5D%5B0%5D=prfpi&_iepl%5BtargetEntityId%5D=PB%3A301625189&_iepl%5BinteractionType%5D=publicationTitle</a></span></span><br />
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" />Picture from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40860-015-0002-6 </span></div>
Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-7131513638425306912016-07-19T01:07:00.003+02:002016-07-19T01:07:47.463+02:00On Animes and Quality of Emergence<article class="pulse-article" data-li-main-content="" id="pulse-article-content" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle" tabindex="-1"><div class="prose" itemprop="articleBody">
<span><span>A famous quote by Aristotle is "The Whole is greater
than the sum of its Parts". That surplus that goes beyond the "sum of
the Parts" is called Emergence. There is more than a single Emergence:
the Whole may be greater than the Parts in different ways. That is what I
call "Quality of Emergence" in <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.01821" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">this paper</a>. </span></span><span><br /></span><br />
<br />
<span><span>Of course we do not have a way to magically increase quality of Emergence. But I found a great example of that in the anime <em>Fate/Stay Night: Unlimited Blade Works</em>. The main character, Emiya Shirō (衛宮 士郎), can make use of the magic of <strong>FORTIFICATION</strong>, which is precisely increasing an object's quality of Emergence. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span><img class="center" height="360" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/shrinknp_800_800/AAEAAQAAAAAAAAeJAAAAJDFhYmZmMzA5LWFiZDctNGM0MC04YTMxLWZlYThiZDUwZjYwMg.jpg" width="640" /><img class="center" height="360" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/shrinknp_800_800/AAEAAQAAAAAAAAgBAAAAJDU1MjhmOWRmLTM4NDItNGNlNC04ZTdkLTUwZDdhZGFiNGIxMg.jpg" width="640" /><img class="center" height="360" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/shrinknp_800_800/AAEAAQAAAAAAAAjOAAAAJDIyZTM1NWY5LTgxZTMtNDk2MC05NzY0LWM5ODVhMzg1MDUzMw.jpg" width="640" /><img class="center" height="360" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/shrinknp_800_800/AAEAAQAAAAAAAAiWAAAAJDE3OWI4MzRmLWUwZTctNGYzNC05YThjLThlZmU5YzMzNzAzYw.jpg" width="640" /><img class="center" height="360" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/shrinknp_800_800/AAEAAQAAAAAAAAiBAAAAJDQ1Y2U3Yzg1LTExNDItNDI5My04ODdmLTBjZDU5YzQwZTRlMQ.jpg" width="640" /><img class="center" height="360" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/shrinknp_800_800/AAEAAQAAAAAAAAc-AAAAJDhmMDc3ZmYwLTMyMzQtNDU0My04ZTI3LTQwODExYzYxY2UwZQ.jpg" width="640" /></span><span><span> </span></span><br />
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width: 0;" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.<br />
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</article>Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-11631711531972727632016-04-25T12:37:00.000+02:002016-04-25T12:37:39.253+02:00Some reflections on resilience and evolution in the philosophy of Leibniz<br id="docs-internal-guid-1b98f1c7-4cc3-a518-86f7-8d6eb6011fe0" /><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 30.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Interpretations of the concepts of resilience and evolution in the philosophy of Leibniz</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h3>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Vincenzo De Florio</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Global Brain Institute; Evolution, Complexity and COgnition research group</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">2016-04-23</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h3>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Abstract</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In this article I interpret resilience and evolution in view of the philosophy of Leibniz. First, I discuss resilience as a substance’s or a monad’s “quantity of essence” — its “degree of perfection” — which I express as the quality of the Whole with respect to the sum of the qualities of the Parts. Then I discuss evolution, which I interpret here as the autopoietic Principle that sets Itself in motion and creates all reality, including Itself. This Principle may be considered as a sort of ante-litteram metaphysical Darwinian Selection. My interpretations provide a different formulation for questions such as “why natural evolution evolves?” and “why is this the best of all possible worlds?” In this article I also provide a geometrical interpretation of a key aspect behind the “divine mathematics” of the autopoietic Principle. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h2>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Introduction</span></h2>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In all things there are different quantities of essence — different degrees of self-determination. And every concept associated to a thing shouts its uniqueness, proclaims its peculiarity, its right to exist and be persisted. Against all odds. That is resilience: actively pursuing one’s right to existence. A fair assessment of this right can only occur by means of a fair verification of the ability to persist and co-exist. A metaphysical attraction drives a natural selection process among the current material manifestations (that is, reifications) of the Ideas. Said Metaphysical Mechanics continuously refines those reifications, making them closer and closer to their ideal counterpart. It’s what we call evolution. Even this process is an Idea — an autopoietic principle whose reification is the current evolution state of the world. As it is the case for all reifications, also the reification of this principle tends to perfection, which sets itself in motion and produces all reality, which by necessity is the best of all possible worlds.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Resilience and Evolution</span></h2>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Resilience</span></h3>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Resilience is a system’s ability to strive to persist its identity. In other words, resilience is entelechy — namely “being-at-work to stay-the-same” (Sachs, 1995). In my works, and especially in (De Florio, 2015a; De Florio, 2015b), I observe how a “system” may be resilient in two ways: intrinsically and extrinsically.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Intrinsic resilience</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: a system may be called “in itself” resilient: resilient, because of its own “design”. When we say that a system of the class “Man” is characterized by superior resilience with respect to any other system of the class “Animal” we are talking of intrinsic resilience, namely we are considering the design characteristics of two classes of systems. We are in fact discussing two </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ideas</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">; or we could say in technological terms two </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">blueprints</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">; or, in philosophical terms, two </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Monads</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Resilience is in this case </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the quality of the Whole with respect to the sum of the qualities of the Parts</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (De Florio, 2016a).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For some still unfathomed mechanism, nature selects their Substances by rewarding those that implement —albeit clumsily— the most resilient and most “evolved” ideas. Said </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Darwinian Metaphysical Selection</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> is associated to a second aspect of resilience:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Extrinsic resilience</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: apart from being resilient-by-design, a system may also be resilient </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">with respect to the environment it is set to operate in; and, in particular, a system may be resilient with respect to the other “clumsy implementations” with which that system shares a finite environment — the world. Thus it is resilience also the outcome of the match between every implementation (in Leibnitian terms, any Substance) and a random series of dynamically changing situations. The (intrinsic) blueprint is thus evaluated by matching its current implementation with the mutating manifestations of a dynamic environment — with the terminology of dynamic systems, its orbits. Said match “breaks down” the unity of the Whole into the multiplicity of its Parts; and it reveals how some of the design-specific and of the implementational-specific aspects are more suitable, and thus more desirable, than others. If an individual or a species is endowed with a “winning combination” of the winning aspects, then it will survive; and with it, each of the winning aspects will also survive, by “bonding” itself to one or more other winning aspects. This way, winning blueprints persist their existence. Quoting Leibniz,</span></div>
<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Essence in itself strives for existence. From this it follows further that all possible things, i.e. things expressing an essence or possible reality, strive with equal right for existence in proportion to their </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">quantity of essence</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> or reality, or to the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">degree of perfection</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> which they contain; for </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">perfection is nothing other than quantity of essence</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hence it is very clearly understood that out of the infinite combinations of possibles, and possible series, there exists one through which the greatest amount of essence or possibility is brought into existence. [...]</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The situation is like that in certain games where all the spaces on the board are to be filled according to certain rules, and where, unless you use some skill, you will in the end be excluded from certain spaces and forced to leave more spaces empty than you could have or wished to. But there is a definite rule through which the maximum number of spaces is most easily filled. [...] </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In short it is just like tiles that are arranged so that as many as possible occupy a given area.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A certain divine mathematics or metaphysical mechanics is employed in the very origination of things</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.” (Leibniz, 1697)</span></div>
</blockquote>
<br /><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Intrinsic and extrinsic resilience are very different from each other. I mentioned how “Man” is intrinsically superior to “Dog”; and yet, let us suppose that we have a man and a dog in an environment in which a threat is announced by ultrasonic noise. In such an environment it is the dog (or, better, its auditive blueprint) that “wins” over the man (or better, his auditive blueprint). In this particular confrontation of ideas, in which the rules are set by the environment, it is the dog that exhibits the highest (extrinsic) resilience.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A direct consequence of the above discussion is my stance, introduced in draft paper (De Florio, 2015c), that resilience should be discussed in terms of Game Theory — as a set of concurrent confrontations taking place across all of the system’s scales. In order to represent such multi-scale dynamics, in the cited paper I proposed to model systems as nested compositional hierarchies and model extrinsic resilience via </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">interconnected</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> and </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">mutually influencing</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> payoff matrices (which I called as </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">payoff “spreadsheets”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">). The solution of said payoff spreadsheets would represent the overall outcome of all the concurrent interplays between a system’s organs and Parts and a “shock” produced by the environment.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I feel it important to remark also how the world’s finiteness is an important “ingredient” of the Darwinian Metaphysical Selection introduced by Leibniz. In Leibniz, finiteness is not an imperfection; rather, it is one of the key “ingredients” of his metaphysical mechanics. Finiteness introduces the constraints through which competition arises between substances — or, in other words, the competition that arises between the coeval material implementations of the Ideas. Leibnitian concept of compossibility manifests itself only when resources are limited — for instance, when the predominance of a class of substances (for instance, a species) impoverishes beyond the limits of survival the living space of another class of substances.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">My papers (De Florio, 2014a; De Florio, 2016b) provide more information of my models of resilience and their relation with philosophy of science and technology — as well as with modern science and technology. Concepts such as resilience; system; natural selection; pray-predator relationships; cellular automata; artificial life; virtual reality; and biological evolution, are but a few of the supposedly “modern” concepts whose foundation lies in the Philosophical Systems of Aristotle, Plato, and especially Leibniz.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 17.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Evolution</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A fundamental scientific and philosophical question that I have been addressing time and again is the one introduced in (Wagner & Altenberg, 1996):</span></div>
<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Why evolution evolves? What are the reasons that lead natural evolution to evolve itself? Why does nature produce ever more “evolved” substances?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is important to note how such a question is multidisciplinary in nature, as it requires contribution from as different a field as computer science, biology, philosophy of science and technology, mathematics, network theory, microeconomy, and ecology — to name but a few. For instance,</span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">From a </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">philosophical </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">point of view, the problem can be reformulated as follows: what are the conditions that lead the “distance” between a substance and its Monad to decrease monotonically, at least for a non-empty set of substances?</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> <br /></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">From a </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">mathematical </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">point of view, the problem may be expressed as a statement about the convergence of the substances’ quantity of essence: let us call QoE the quantity of essence that characterizes monads and substances, and </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">s</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">t</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">) the substance implementing Monad </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> at time </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">t</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Let us suppose that a non-empty set of substances exist at </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">t</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">=0. Then what are the conditions that lead quantity</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">QoE(</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">) - QoE(</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">s</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">t</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">))</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> to tend to zero for </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">t</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> increasing indefinitely, ∀</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">m</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> ∈ </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">M</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> ≠ ∅?<br /></span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">From a </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">computer science </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">point of view: let us consider an evolutionary algorithm that operates Darwinian selection on a set of agents or genes constrained to a limited world and to trophic (predator-prey) relationships. What are the conditions that lead the algorithm to identify a non-empty set of “best-resilient” agents/genes?</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is again Leibniz the author that expressed this problem and possible solutions with the highest </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">clarity of representation </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">— if you allow me the pun. It is indeed the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">best of all possible worlds</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> the one we are in, precisely because of the algorithm that rules it is steadily converging towards the sought solutions. Implementations are becoming more and more perfect, more and more </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ideal </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">one could say, and God’s promise is that, at the end of times, the chosen substances shall touch their Monad. They shall become their Monads; transcend into them. Leibniz tells us that each Monad is the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">unmoved mover </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Aristotle, 1999) of its material substance, and that the Ultimate Monad is the unmoved mover of the processes that constitute (actually, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">real</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ize!) the Universe. Thus this is the already mentioned “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">divine mathematics or metaphysical mechanics</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">” that</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">is employed in the very origination of things</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">” (Leibniz, 1697): an autopoietic Principle, which sets Itself in motion and creates all reality, including Itself.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And yet this Grand Motion appears to originate from simpler, tinier principles and small movements. “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Per parva ad astra</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">”, Leibniz seems to suggest: the great things are reached through small steps, and pertain to elements and principles that are far from complicated. It is the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ars Combinatorica</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: a “method” that steadily refines more and more complex structures from simple initial representations. Structures not just complex, but </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">modular </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">in nature.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">An example of this simple combinatorial refinement process leading to complex structures can be found in my research on so-called fractal social organizations (De Florio et al., 2013): </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0ysdl1Xs_W3U-93mQ8PW85GZi8LySMiMZJcWVCKaC53t8ezTppGJdQG-9Rza6Y4Etkv93nauV1L97lU9zJ2Vz8z-z6Yj-rPh1r4hWzfiujNU0Dm3TT1dufZjLimSTgO6_ELIExzAjzRJa/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0ysdl1Xs_W3U-93mQ8PW85GZi8LySMiMZJcWVCKaC53t8ezTppGJdQG-9Rza6Y4Etkv93nauV1L97lU9zJ2Vz8z-z6Yj-rPh1r4hWzfiujNU0Dm3TT1dufZjLimSTgO6_ELIExzAjzRJa/s1600/1.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The left-hand side image is a combinatorial development that derives from seed “000000012345” (a “gene” made of twelve “bases” belonging to six classes, identified by integers 0,...,5, with class 0 including seven elements and classes 1-to-5 including just one element). The process that derives the image from the seed is omitted here for the sake of brevity — please refer to (De Florio, 2005) for a detailed description. We could say that that image is the “phenotype” produced by that process starting from gene 000000012345. Now, by looking at the left-hand side image we can observe two things: first, that the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">process develops modularity</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: it is possible to identify “blocks”. And second, those blocks are phenotypes of sub-genes of 000000012345! In other words, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the geno-pheno process preserves the property of modularity</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This can be seen more clearly by considering the right-hand side image, which shows a portion of the phenotypical development produced by gene 000000000012345. As the first gene is a sub-string of the second gene, so the phenotype derived from the first gene is a sub-image of the image produced by the second gene.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This is the whole phenotypic expansion of the second gene:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8TWRDj2H240XHDVNNxLWM66dtoPK0yNQWISe56q0TBLuY2mmtBGaJzuUUFYf9TR6CiRgXNj_gaEau0x3rUSsrj2-0h7K4gtkYQxakkd8kFY4uFL4aWl4NVYmD7KUgfFv4EZg9CSp_Gw6g/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8TWRDj2H240XHDVNNxLWM66dtoPK0yNQWISe56q0TBLuY2mmtBGaJzuUUFYf9TR6CiRgXNj_gaEau0x3rUSsrj2-0h7K4gtkYQxakkd8kFY4uFL4aWl4NVYmD7KUgfFv4EZg9CSp_Gw6g/s1600/2.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Images such as the ones above provide a geometrical representation of the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">quantity of essence</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Given any concept, its representation includes modules. Said modules are nothing but the representations of the sub-concepts that are necessary to define that concept. In other words, they are pictograms that are needed to compose a grander pictogram. This closely correspond to Leibniz’s </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Characteristica Universalis</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Each pictogram is at the same time a conceptual Whole and a set of Parts; it can be considered as a single fact or as the combination of sub-facts that lead to the truth of the Whole. It is a module but it is also the set of “instructions” that constitute and justify it, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">real</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ize it. It is the means we can reason about a substance’s intrinsic resilience via some mechanical diagrammatic reasoning process.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Is possibly that the reason why Leibniz considered so highly the theory of preformationism by Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek? Was it maybe because preformationism exemplified, albeit in an unscientific way, the very concept of conservation of modularity when passing from a genotypical representation (viz. a concept, namely an abstract and general blueprint) to a phenotypical representation (namely a particular “realization”, or concrete expansion, of that template)? I stated my stance on this matter in (De Florio, 2014):</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"This property [of conservation of modularity], which may be probably best represented through the mathematical concept of an isomorphism between genotypical and phenotypical algebraic domains, is in fact compatible with the Leibnitian vision of substances as “second-order scripts” produced by “first-order scripts”. As already mentioned, this conservation of modularity possibly hints at the “greater secret” mentioned by Leibniz, namely the reasons why evolution “evolves”, and why nature “naturally” develops ever more complex substances."</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 22.666666666666664px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusions</span></h2>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Leibniz’s philosophy arrived to us in a very fragmented way, scattered through a large number of small documents. Those many documents revel the strain towards a unitary vision able to capture the complexity of the all. The complexity of describing said vision could possibly be eased by considering a number of interrelated themes. In this paper I propose to consider two such intertwined Gestalts, namely resilience and evolution. I associate the concept of resilience to that of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">quantity of essence</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (a system’s </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">degree of perfection</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">). I show how evaluating resilience calls for the evaluation of a substance-environment fit, which corresponds to the Leibnitian concept of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">compossibility</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Later on, I associate the concept of evolution with the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">metaphysical mechanics</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> that is in Leibniz at the root of the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">very origination of things</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. I show how modern questions of the philosophy of biology, such as “why natural evolution evolves?”, can be reinterpreted, e.g., as convergence statements on the quality of essence of mathematical or computer-based entities. Although Leibniz was obviously not aware of any theory of natural evolution, it is tempting to define his metaphysical mechanics as a sort of Darwinian Metaphysical Selection. It is possibly the apparent effectiveness of said mechanism that led Leibniz to consider this as </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the best of all possible worlds</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I conclude this work by discussing the nature of Leibniz’s </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">divine mathematics</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. By means of a simple combinatorial example, I provide a geometrical representation of the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">quantity of essence</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Given any concept or cause, its representation includes modules. Said modules are nothing but the representations of the sub-concepts that are necessary to define the root concept, or root cause. In other words, they are pictograms that are needed to compose a grander pictogram. This closely correspond to Leibniz’s </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Characteristica Universalis</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">References</span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Aristotle, 1999) Aristotle. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Metaphysics</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Joe Sachs (trans.), Green Lion Press, 1999.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(De Florio et al., 2013) Vincenzo De Florio, Mohamed Bakhouya, Antonio Coronato, and Giovanna Di Marzo. </span><a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/eSoC.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Models and Concepts for Socio-technical Complex Systems: Towards Fractal Social Organizations</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Systems Research and Behavioral Science</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Vol. 30, No. 6, Nov.-Dic. 2013, pp. 750-772. DOI: </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sres.2242" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">10.1002/sres.2242</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(De Florio, 2005) Vincenzo De Florio. </span><a href="http://www.complex-systems.com/pdf/15-2-1.pdf" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Permutation Numbers</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Complex Systems</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Vol. 15, No. 2 (2005). Complex Systems Publications, Champaign, IL. 24 pages.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(De Florio, 2014) Vincenzo De Florio. Behavior, Organization, Substance: Three Gestalts of General Systems Theory. In </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Proc. of the IEEE 2014 Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Boston, MA, 24-26 June 2014.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(De Florio, 2015a) Vincenzo De Florio. On resilient behaviors in computational systems and environments. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Vol. 1, No. 1. Springer. DOI: 10.1007/s40860-015-0002-6.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(De Florio, 2015b) Vincenzo De Florio. On environments as systemic exoskeletons: crosscutting optimizers and antifragility enablers. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Vol. 1, No. 2. Springer. DOI: 10.1007/s40860-015-0006-2.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(De Florio, 2015c) Vincenzo De Florio. Resilience as concurrent interplays of opponents: preliminary ideas and call for collaborations. Posted on ERACLIOS at </span><a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2015/10/resilience-as-concurrent-interplays-of.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2015/10/resilience-as-concurrent-interplays-of.html</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(De Florio, 2016a) Vincenzo De Florio. </span><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.01821" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">On the quality of emergence in complex collective systems</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. To appear in Mohammad Essaaidi, Mohamed Nemiche (Eds.), "</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Advances in Complex Societal, Environmental and Engineered Systems</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">", Springer series "Nonlinear Systems and Complexity", Springer, 2016.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(De Florio, 2016b) Vincenzo De Florio. Systems, Resilience, and Organization: Analogies and Points of Contact with Hierarchy Theory. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">CoRR</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Vol. abs/1411.0092. </span><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.0092." style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: blue; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.0092.</span></a></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Hansen, 2003) Thomas F. Hansen. Is modularity necessary for evolvability? Remarks on the relationship between pleiotropy and evolvability. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">BioSystems</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Vol. 69 No. 2 (2003), pp. 83–94.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Leibniz, 1697) Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. Die philosophischen Schriften von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. C. I. Gerhardt (Ed.), Vol. VII, Berlin: Weidmann, 1875-90. In L. H. Strickland (2006), </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The shorter Leibniz texts: a collection of new translations</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Continuum. ISBN 9780826489517.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Sachs, 1995) Joe Sachs. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Aristotle's Physics: A Guided Study</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Masterworks of Discovery, Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2192-0.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Wagner & Altenberg, 1996) Gunter P. Wagner and Lee Altenberg. Complex Adaptations and the Evolution of Evolvability. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Evolution</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, Vol. 50, No. 3 (June 1996), pp. 967-976. Society for the Study of Evolution.</span></li>
</ul>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/InteractiveResource" property="dct:title" rel="dct:type">Interpretations of the concepts of resilience and evolution in the philosophy of Leibniz</span> by <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">Vincenzo De Florio</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.<br />Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com" rel="cc:morePermissions">mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com</a>.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-55687729339391203552016-03-15T11:51:00.000+01:002016-03-15T11:51:16.546+01:00An idea: Antifragile cars via situation-aware user interfaces<br />
The car controls system and its interfaces are the major witnesses of the user behaviors that ultimately lead to the emergence of safety. All of the user actions in the primary vehicle platform can be transcoded in an homogeneous XML format and logged, together with their time of occurrence. A number of other data sources can be collected and transcoded in the same format -- for instance automotive imaging, LiDAR, GPS and traffic information, V2V, and V2I data sources. This constitutes a constantly updated stream of contextual information describing the cloud of behaviors taking place within and "around" each car and each user. Said stream represents a very valuable knowledge that may be applied in several ways:<br /><br />
<ul>
<li>first, it represents a knowledge base to reason about individual and social driving behaviors. Post-mortem approaches and tools can be used to correlate multiple causes leading to accidents and other safety-related conditions.</li>
<li>Secondly, said knowledge base can be integrated with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_driver_assistance_systems">Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> and used to dynamically adapt / personalize the driving experience with the objective to enhance safety, learn peculiar driving traits, compensate them with corrective adaptations in the ADAS system, and constructing a periodic personalized feedback report highlighting recursive dangerous behaviors and conditions. The result would be that of an <b>antifragile car</b>: a car able to systematically improve safety by learning and evolving after each and every driver.</li>
<li>Third, by using dynamic profiling and machine learning it is possible to create and constantly update a stereotype of the "official" drivers. By using Hidden Markov Models, Bayesian Intelligence and similar techniques it can be possible to compare reference stereotypes with observed stereotypes. <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.4862">Discrepancies</a> (see also <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.01899">here</a>) imply that the either the driver has changed, which could be a possible indication of theft. Alarms could be instructed so as to automatically inform, e.g., the official drivers through their smartphones, or the nearest police offices.</li>
<li>Fourth, by comparing the reference and the observed stereotypes it is possible to detect this the driving behavior is drifting away from the reference ones. By coupling this with other ADAS-relayed information, the car could "realize" that the driver is developing fatigues or is under the influence of substances affecting his/her behaviors.</li>
</ul>
<br />
Also by considering my concept from the viewpoint of marketing and advertising, the concept of an "<i>Antifragile Car that learns how to protect You</i>" would most definitely attract the interest of the customers. <br />
<br />
I wonder what the automotive industries would think of such an idea.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-50255534960687007522016-01-13T20:34:00.002+01:002016-01-13T20:34:34.809+01:00My little "cybernetic journey" through systems and organizations<div class="article-body" dir="ltr" itemprop="articleBody">
At the beginning of my research experience my major focus was
software fault-tolerance. The leitmotiv of that period is possibly the <em>synchronous system assumption</em>:
although the target architectures I was working on were supposedly
“high performance”, in fact those systems were quite simple: dedicated
networks, dedicated processors, with predefined and immutable
assumptions. <a href="https://www.academia.edu/12959733/A_behavioural_model_for_the_discussion_of_resilience_elasticity_and_antifragility" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Later on</a> I described this class of systems as <strong>ataraxies</strong>—<em>systems that have a complete “faith” in the validity of the designers’ assumptions</em>. Clearly this is an approach that <em>introduces</em> very much <em>fragility</em>. Such systems could maybe described as <strong>sitting ducks</strong> with respect to change: they fail as soon as any of their system assumptions is invalidated.<br />
<br />
In those days I completed my doctoral studies with <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/q3bfjnm0nilw2ol/thesis.pdf?dl=0" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">a thesis</a> in which I introduced the concept of “<a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2014/01/a-comedy-of-errors.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">recovery language</a>”:
a special-purpose programming language that runs next to the
conventional programming language and deals with error recovery and
reconfiguration. This recovery language comes into play as soon as an
error is detected by an underlying error detection layer or when some
erroneous condition is signaled by the application processes. Error
recovery and reconfiguration are specified as a set of <em>guarded actions</em>
that operate on coarse-grained entities of the application (tasks and
groups of tasks) and are enacted depending on the current state of those
entities. An important aspect was that such “recovery code” is run-time
interpreted, which means it can be changed dynamically.<br />
<br />
From the point of view of General Systems Theory, this meant that systems built with my approach were <strong>more-than-ataraxies</strong>: when embedded into a context-aware feedback loop, those systems would achieve teleological (<strong>reactive</strong>) properties.<br />
<br />
Later on I became acquainted with General Systems Theories such as
the behavioral classification by Wiener and the system of Kenneth
Boulding. I started considering “<strong>more-than-reactive</strong>”
systems: systems able to proactively create models of possible futures
and adapt their action with respect to those hypothesized conditions. I
initiated, promoted, and supervised the <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/theses/index.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">doctoral studies of three students</a>,
with whom I explored “advanced” adaptive behaviors. With such
behaviors, the adaptation code is assembled dynamically, by composing
the adaptation planners best-matching the current contextual conditions.
This resulted in <a href="http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2011051255&recNum=263&docAn=EP2010066113&queryString=brazil&maxRec=4635" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">filing a patent</a>.<br />
<br />
In my little “cybernetic journey” I then came to the realization that
a significant limitation of my approaches was what I call the <strong>genotypical feedback</strong>. The systems I was devising were <em>adaptive</em> rather than <em>evolving</em>
systems. The lessons learned while facing the environments and adapting
to them had no influence on the identity of those systems. The systems
were merely <strong>resilient</strong> (<em>at-work to-stay-the-same</em> [Sachs, 1995]). This persistence of the system identity was a guarantee of trustworthiness; and yet, it came also as <strong>a limitation to the ability to evolve</strong>. Therefore I started to consider systems that are <em>at-work to-get-better</em>—thus
they are able to evolve beyond what initially prescribed by the
“designer”. Inspired by the work and the terminology introduced by <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Antifragile-Things-That-Disorder-Incerto/dp/0812979680" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Nassim N. Taleb</a>, I called such systems <strong>antifragile</strong>, and came to the idea of studying the properties and the engineering of such systems. I launched a workshop on <strong>computational antifragility</strong> and <strong>antifragile engineering</strong>, called <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/antifragile2016/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ANTIFRAGILE</a>.
Professor Taleb himself kindly participated in the second edition with a
keynote speech (in teleconference). Dr. Kennie Jones from NASA Langley
gave keynote speeches sharing with the attendees his <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2014/06/antifragile-2014-part-1-keynote-speech.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lessons learned in antifragile engineering at NASA</a>. Furthermore, I launched <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/grps?groupDashboard=&gid=8123245" target="_blank">a LinkedIn group on computational antifragility</a>, which has attracted the interest of more than 150 people.<br />
<br />
In parallel to the above mentioned explorations, several years ago I
started to realize that a second major limitation in my approaches was
in the social dimension. Although I was able to manipulate system
components, my approaches were basically treating systems as individual
entities, thus neglecting their inherently social nature. I understood
that this was a major mistake: paraphrasing Margaret Thatcher,<br />
<blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
there is no such thing as an individual system.
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Every system is collective—every system is a social system. This new
perspective allowed me to “see” problems from a new and wider angle.
Concepts such as a system’s organization became central and provided me
with a new research path to focus my attention on. Preliminary
explorations were carried out: I wrote a paper on <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.5607" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">quality indicators for collective systems resilience</a>, in which I began considering the match between the “social persona” of the Whole and that of the Parts. I discussed <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6965" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">centrifugal and centripetal social forces</a>, which were able to weaken or strengthen the resilience of the Whole. The link with the philosophies of Aristotle and <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.4077" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Leibniz</a>
became very much apparent and ignited an ancillary line of exploration.
I began realizing that several of the problems and concepts I had
encountered in science had an established “philosophical
counterpart”—for instance the Leibnizian concepts of compossibles and
substantiata; genotypical and phenotypical conservation of modularity as
a foundation to evolvability; and a resorce-constrained world evolving
its substances to ever increasing quality and complexity; all mapped to
supposedly “modern” concepts such as emergence, evolution, cellular
automata, artificial life, and many others.<br />
All the above led me to several new realizations. For instance, I
came to realize that many of our “societal systems” (such as healthcare,
civil defense, and crisis management organization) are <strong>built with “fragility assumptions”</strong> quite similar to those of the “<em>sitting ducks</em>”
I mentioned earlier—which possibly explains why those systems are so
inefficient and incapable to deal with our turbulent, overpopulated, and
resource-scarce new world. In fact, the problem is quite the same: I
tried to express this in the following sentence from paper “<a href="http://www.academia.edu/12347894/How_Resilient_Are_Our_Societies_Analyses_Models_and_Preliminary_Results" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">How Resilient Are Our Societies? Analyses, Models, and Preliminary Results</a>”: <br />
<blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
“Regardless of its nature, any system is affected by its design
assumptions. Our societies are no exception. The emergence of sought
properties such as economic and social welfare for all; sustainability
with respect to natural ecosystems; and especially manageability and
resilience, highly depends on the way social organizations are
designed.”
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<strong>Social organization</strong> is obviously the major gestalt
in the above quote. Social organization—“a set of roles tied together
with channels of communication” [Boulding, 1956]—is the invariant that
captures the essence of collective systems as different in scale and
behavior as a colony of bacteria in comparison to one of our cities.<br />
<br />
In my next post I will focus my attention on two social organization "templates" that I defined a few years ago: the <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/cr.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">service-oriented community</a> and the <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/eSoC.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">fractal social organization</a>.<br />
<h3>
References</h3>
[Sachs, 1995] Joe Sachs, "Aristotle's Physics: A Guided Study". Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2192-0.<br />
[Boulding, 1956] Kenneth Boulding, "General Systems Theory—The Skeleton of Science". Management Science <strong>2</strong>(3), April 1956, pp. 197-208.<br />
</div>
Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-70245702970377519212015-10-11T22:23:00.000+02:002015-10-11T22:23:35.778+02:00Resilience as concurrent interplays of opponents: preliminary ideas and call for collaborationsIn my previous work “<a href="https://www.academia.edu/12959733/A_behavioural_model_for_the_discussion_of_resilience_elasticity_and_antifragility">A behavioural model for the discussion of resilience, elasticity, and antifragility</a>” I discussed resilience as the emerging result of the dynamic interplay between the behaviors exercised by a system and those of the environment it is set to operate in. Then, in my latest work “<a href="https://www.academia.edu/14836816/On_ambients_as_systemic_exoskeletons_Crosscutting_optimizers_and_antifragility_enablers">On ambients as systemic exoskeletons: Crosscutting optimizers and antifragility enablers</a>” I introduced a “horizontal” and a “vertical classification” of systems. The idea in this second paper is that any system may be considered at the same time a “whole”, a set of “parts”, and a nested compositional hierarchy of functional nodes. <br /><br />By applying the idea of the first paper to this second idea of a system’s horizontal and vertical classifications, I thought of resilience / antifragility as the emergent result of concurrent behavioral interplays taking place across the involved systems’ [ wholes / sets of parts / hierarchies of nodes ]. <br /><br />Let me clarify this through two examples:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>A bullet is shot and passes through the body of a living being. Such a traumatic event directly affects a number of organs and systems of that being. Interdependence among organs and systems is likely to lead to cascading effects that may in turn lead to severe injuries or the loss of life.</li>
<li>A hurricane hitting a region. Catastrophic events such as this one typically ripple across the involved hierarchies of nodes triggering the concurrent reactions of multiple crisis management organizations.</li>
</ol>
<br />In both cases, resilience may be modeled as the result of the effects of an external event on a system’s horizontal and vertical organization. The external event manifests itself at all systems and networks levels and activates a response that is both individual and social. <br /><br />Now, I believe a good way to model such response could be in terms of <b>Game Theory</b>. The idea is to consider:<br /><br />
<ul>
<li><i>GT players</i> as the involved whole / parts / nodes (let me call them “opponents”).</li>
<li><i>Behavior classes</i> as the strategic choices available to the opponents.</li>
<li><i>GT strategies</i> as the behaviors planned and enacted by the opponents.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Moreover, I propose to assign <i>energy budgets</i> specific of the involved opponents. Said energy budgets serve as global constraints shared by all of the nodes of the GT players across their horizontal and vertical organizations.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
<li>Finally, I propose to associate <i>GT payoffs</i> to the possible behavioral responses, with costs (in terms of consumed energy budget resources) proportional to the complexity of the chosen behavior.</li>
</ul>
<ul><ul>(↦ <i>A simple purposeful behavior only requires sensory / actuator parts, thus calls for less energy than a complex proactive behavior, which requires analytical / planning parts; in turn, that behavior would cost less energy than a complex antifragile behavior, which requires in addition complex knowledge/wisdom management parts.</i>)<br /><br />
</ul></ul>
The idea I would like to develop is that to define <b>nested compositional hierarchies of payoff matrices</b>: sort of <i>interconnected</i> and <i>mutually influencing</i> <i><b>payoff “spreadsheets”</b></i>. Overall resilience may be expressed, maybe in some analytical form, as the solution of those payoff spreadsheets taking into account the outcomes of all the concurrent interplays and the consequences of those outcomes on physically or logically neighboring parts / nodes.<br /><br />
<ul><ul>
(↦ <i>Think once more of the case of the bullet passing through a living body and of the cascading effects of the many concurrent “confrontations” between the involved organs and the bullet.</i>)<br /><br />
</ul></ul>
The payoff spreadsheets would also model the local and global costs in terms of the shared energy budgets. Adopting the most expensive behaviors at all levels could result in too high an energy consumption, while being able to “keep control”, and proportion one’s response hierarchies, may translate in the ability to survive longer. Two very eloquent examples of this fact were provided by Dr. Jeff Washburn <a href="https://goo.gl/JhMjwI">here</a>).<br /><br />I would be happy to discuss the basic ideas and possible “implementations” of the just sketched model. In particular I would welcome discussing with experts in game theory and evolutionary game theory willing to co-write a paper on the above idea for <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/antifragile2016/">ANTIFRAGILE’16</a>.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-24784222224913654182015-07-25T22:57:00.001+02:002015-07-25T22:57:19.109+02:00ANTIFRAGILE 2016<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nda0kbPusxZ3Gq4WmXQOVdOIhHeJ3YmyaiGb3ueJzOhZUHZuvK4gDySiYk2YiPoOPaX8HOq54UJBs8rECEzppwhZ9kzhpxfZKaJoBf4spqq0pYmMWJdrUsJUeJOkPJhOZvCzPHjm5fd3/s1600/logofso.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nda0kbPusxZ3Gq4WmXQOVdOIhHeJ3YmyaiGb3ueJzOhZUHZuvK4gDySiYk2YiPoOPaX8HOq54UJBs8rECEzppwhZ9kzhpxfZKaJoBf4spqq0pYmMWJdrUsJUeJOkPJhOZvCzPHjm5fd3/s640/logofso.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
I'm very glad to announce the launch of <b>ANTIFRAGILE'16</b>, the 3rd Int.l Workshop on Computational Antifragility and Antifragile Engineering. Madrid, Spain, May 23-26, 2016<br />
<br />
More information will be made available through the ANTIFRAGILE homepage, <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/antifragile2016/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://sites.google.com/site/antifragile2016/</a><br />
<br />
For any information, do not hesitate to contact <a href="https://plus.google.com/113779877614149042091">me</a>!Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-85557153115692561742015-05-19T13:18:00.002+02:002015-07-19T11:44:55.796+02:00Special issue of the Springer Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments: "Resilient and Antifragile Ambient Systems"<h3>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">News: <b>NEW DEADLINE</b>: <u><b>AUGUST 14</b></u>!<br /></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Dear Readers,</span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">this is to announce a special issue of the
Springer Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments devoted to <b>
Resilient and Antifragile Ambient Systems</b>. The special issue CfP shall
soon be announced on <a data-mce-href="http://www.springer.com/computer/hardware/journal/40860" href="http://www.springer.com/computer/hardware/journal/40860" rel="nofollow">the official web pages of the journal</a>, though you may find herein a preview copy. Should you require further information, please do not hesitate to <a data-mce-href="https://mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@uantwerpen.be" href="https://mailto:vincenzo%2Edeflorio@uantwerpen.be/" rel="nofollow">contact me</a>!<br /><br />Kind regards,<br />Vincenzo.</span></h3>
<h2>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br />“Resilient and Antifragile Ambient Systems”</span></h2>
<h3>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Resilience
(from Latin <i>resilire</i>, “to spring back, start back, rebound, recoil,
retreat”) plays a central role in several disciplines. Definitions of
resilience can be found in ecology, business, psychology, industrial
safety, microeconomics, computer networks, security, management science,
cybernetics, control theory, as well as crisis and disaster management
and recovery. A general interpretation of resilience may be considered
that of “the ability of a system subjected to faults and changes 1) to
continue distributing its services 2) without losing its peculiar
traits. </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><br />Antifragility goes one step further and suggests that
certain ambient systems could systematically improve their
system-environment fit, when subjected to faults and changes. Thus an
antifragile system would not “<i>stay the same</i>”; rather, it would “<i>get
better</i>” with each new experience.<br /><br />The engineering of antifragile
computer-based ambient systems is a challenge that, once met, would
allow ambient systems to self-evolve and self-improve by learning from
accidents and mistakes in a way not dissimilar to that human beings are
capable of. Learning how to design and craft antifragile systems is thus
an extraordinary challenge whose tackling is likely to reverberate on
many a computer engineering field. New methods, programming languages,
even custom platforms will have to be designed. The expected returns are
extraordinary as well: Antifragile computer engineering promises to
enable the realization of truly autonomic ambient systems able to <br /><br />- meta-adapt to unprecedented conditions and circumstances; <br />- self-adjust to dynamically changing environments; <br />-
self-organize so as to converge to proactively optimal strategies to
sustain scalability, high-performance, and energy efficiency; <br />- personalize their aspects and behaviors after each and every user. <br /><br />And to learn how to get better while doing it! <br /><br />As
a design aspect cross-cutting through all system and communication
layers, antifragile engineering will require multidisciplinary visions
and approaches able to bridge the gaps between “distant” research
communities so as to propose novel solutions to design and develop
antifragile ambient systems ; <br />devise conceptual models and paradigms for antifragility ; <br />provide
analytical and simulation models and tools to measure a system’s
ability to withstand faults, adjust to new environments, and enhance
their resilience in the process.<br /><br />The main topics of this special
issue of the Springer Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments
include, though are not limited to:<br /><br />- Conceptual frameworks for antifragile systems, ambients, and behaviours;<br />- Dependability, resilience, and antifragile requirements and open issues;<br />- Design principles, models, and techniques for realizing self-resilient and antifragile systems and behaviours;<br />- Frameworks and techniques enabling the definition of resilient and antifragile ambients;<br />- Methods and approaches coupling ambient intelligence with antifragility;<br />- Antifragile human-machine interaction;<br />- End-to-end approaches towards antifragile services;<br />- Autonomic resilient behaviours;<br />- Middleware architectures and mechanisms for resilience and antifragility;<br />- Theoretical foundation of resilient and antifragile behaviours;<br />- Formal modeling of resilience and antifragility;<br />- Software engineering for resilience and antifragility;<br />- Architectures and design patterns;<br />- Machine learning as a foundation for resilient and antifragile architectures;<br />- Antifragility and resilience against malicious attacks;<br />- Antifragility and the Cloud;<br />- Service Level Agreements for resilience and antifragility;<br />- Verification and validation of resilience and antifragility;<br />- Antifragile and resilient services and components.<br /><br /><b>Important dates</b>:<br />Submission deadline: AUGUST 14, 2015<br />First feedback: October 2, 2015<br />Final decisions: Noember 13, 2015.<br /><br />For
inquiries please do not hesitate to contact the Guest Editor, Vincenzo
De Florio (vincenzo dot deflorio at uantwerpen dot be).</span></h3>
Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-54092418059180464232015-04-22T19:21:00.000+02:002015-04-22T20:53:08.095+02:00"Write an abstract of your research plan in Layman's terms"A leitmotiv in our societies is inflexibility.
We have great technology, though
our supposedly <em>smart </em>phones are not that smart, solutions are
one-size-fits-all, devices are not yet <em>appliances</em>, and so on and so forth.
And of course we have organizations, which <em>work </em> of course,
and are supposed to serve us;
but in fact they do so in a very inflexible way, through rigid hierarchies
that lead to inefficiency, long service times, and yes very high costs!
In fact they look like aqueducts that lose much water along their pipes.<br />
<br />
This seems to be two different things, but in fact I think it is the result
of a same mistake: looking at things as individual rater than social systems.
If you have to design an individual system, you only consider its relationship
with the environment it will be placed into. As resources are limited and
constraints are many, you need to face trade-offs: for instance,
costs versus functionality, comfort vs. energy efficiency, etc.
The net result is systems that are systematically unflexible
and systematically <em>fragile</em>. If there is <em>turbulence</em>,
meaning that things change rapidly, technology reveals its
nature of a <em>sitting duck </em> for change. Now, if you look at
social organizations, they are the same: they are the result of trade-offs
operated while considering them as individual entities.
Thus for instance we have organizations such as the civil defence,
the police, and the fire fighters; but they are systems incapable of
any interaction, of any cooperation. They can't even share their knowledge, let alone
work together! As they are "necessary", constraints mean less to organizations.
In the end, we "pump" lots of money in them, in the hope of making them "better",
readier, smarter. Unfortunately we get so few in return. This
becomes apparent especially in times of crisis (Sometimes one even asks where the organizations are! See for instance “<a href="http://www.sptimes.com/2002/webspecials02/andrew/day3/story1.shtml">Where in the hell is the cavalry on this one?</a>”).<br />
<br />
What is missing across the scales is the social and the "ecological" dimensions.
"One man is no man", as they say, though it is also true that <i>one device is no device</i>, and <b>one organization
is no organization</b>. Systems, men, organizations-they are all the same:
complex Wholes that constitute greater Wholes. Dimensioning of resources
while designing an embedded system or a novel social organization should
be a social rather than an individual-oriented process.
Systems, services, organizations<span id="docs-internal-guid-1ab86a06-e21e-5a1e-333e-4ffb9376b17d" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span>—they should be designed with interoperability
in mind. They should be regarded as Wholes and at the same time they should be
realized as Parts
of greater Wholes<span id="docs-internal-guid-1ab86a06-e21e-5a1e-333e-4ffb9376b17d" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 19px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span>—on, on towards an ever greater degree of emergence;
of quality, of adaptability, of resilience, of flexibility.
This is what my Fractal Social Organizations aim to achieve. This is
where I'm directed in my research action for the coming years.<br />
<p>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">"Write an abstract of your research plan in Layman's terms"</span> by <span xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" property="cc:attributionName">Vincenzo De Florio</span> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.<br />Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com" rel="cc:morePermissions">mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com</a>.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-39832218770224219402015-04-11T14:51:00.000+02:002015-04-11T14:51:13.844+02:00How Resilient Are Our Societies?Regardless of its nature, any system is affected by its design assumptions. Our societies are no exception. The emergence of sought properties such as economic and social welfare for all; sustainability with respect to natural ecosystems; and especially manageability and resilience, highly depends on the way social organizations are designed. A typical case in point is given by traditional organizations operating in domains such as healthcare and crisis management. A common assumption characterizing those organizations is the adoption of a strict client-server model. This produces at least the following major consequences:
<br />
<ul>
<li> <b>Stigmatization</b>. Users are permanently classified into service providers and service receivers. Traditional healthcare organizations for instance typically classify users into two disjoint categories: the active users, namely professional and informal carers, and the patients and the elderly, who are considered as users incapable of any active behavior [1]. Likewise, in disaster management organizations, predefined active roles are assigned to institutional responders while the citizens are confined to a passive role [2, 3].
</li>
<li> <b>Fragility</b>. The artificial distinction in an active and a passive side of society severely affects quality-of-emergence [3, 4]. In particular, it introduces a systemic performance penalty in that only a subset of the social actors is available to serve the whole set. As well known, the fast growth and the progressive aging of the human population are introducing a new context—one in which the “service subset” is quickly decreasing in proportion. The problem is no more the ever increasing social costs; rather, it is the fact that the spectre of unmanageability—namely the vision of a fragile society unable to serve its citizens—is just around the corner.
</li>
<li> <b>Absence of a referral service</b>. Despite having an only partial view on the capability and current state of the available servers, it is the responsibility of the client to identify which server to bind to. It is the user that needs to know, e.g., which emergency service to invoke, which hospital to call first, which civil organization to refer to, and so on. Referral services do exist, but they mainly cover a single domain (i.e., healthcare) and very specific cases (typically, the seamless transfer of patient information from a primary to a secondary practitioner [5]). Because of this specialization such services mostly possess an incomplete view of the available resources.
</li>
<li> <b>Lack of unitary responses to complex requests</b>. To the best of our knowledge, no referral service provides a composite response to complex requests such that the action, knowledge, and assets of multiple servers are automatically or semi-automatically combined and orchestrated. Even electronic referral systems in use today are mostly limited [6] and only provide predefined services in specific domains. As a consequence, in the face of complex servicing requests calling for the joint action of multiple servers, the client is basically left on its own. Societal organizations do not provide unitary responses nor assist the client in composing and managing them. Reasons for this may be found in lack of awareness and also in the “convenient” shift of responsibility for failures from the server to the client.
</li>
</ul>
A logic consequence of the above situation is the urgent need to mutate our organizational paradigms and assumptions. Simply stated, we cannot afford anymore not to use the full potential of our societies. This means that the artificial distinction between an active and a passive subset should be removed—or at least significantly reduced. Moreover, the increasing complexity of modern times require that societal organizations assume responsibility for becoming the enablers of collectively intelligent responses. New organizational design assumptions are called for, able to provide us with new servicing paradigms—in other words, new ways to perceive and manage the status quo. The vision of the organization as a system restricting the freedom to play roles should be changed into that of an enabler and a provider. Instead of preventing participation, the organization should allow roles to be filled by whomever is able and willing to participate. More than this, the organization should function as a catalyst of mutualistic cooperation among the role players at all levels, from the citizens to the governing institutions. By means of the organization, knowledge should flow among the players highlighting needs, assets, requirements, and opportunities. The organization should assist in the process of self-orchestrating a response, making it easier for all parties involved to coordinate themselves, exchange information, take the right and timely decisions.<br />
<br />
Two key challenges of our societies are, one the one hand, being able to define one such organizational model. At the same time, fundamental aspects of the identity of the organization must be preserved. A second challenge is thus learning how to guarantee the resilience of our “evolved” organizations. Organizational fidelity [10, 11] (bounds to identity drifting) therefore becomes a new design requirement for our future organizational models.<br />
<br />
In <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2015/02/with-or-without-you-organizational.html">previous</a> <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2014/01/fractal-social-organizations.html">posts</a> I presented an organizational model called Fractal Social Organizations (FSO). FSO takes the responsibility as a generalized referral service for the orchestration of complex social services. In FSO, the rigid client-server scheme of traditional organizations is replaced by service orientation, while bottleneck-prone hierarchies are replaced by communities of peer-level members. Role appointment is not static and directed by the organization, but rather voluntary and context-driven. It is my conjecture that the just stated new design assumptions allow for the creation of smarter societal organizations able to match the complexity of our new complex world.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
References</h3>
<ol>
<li> Sun, H., De Florio, V., Gui, N., Blondia, C.: The missing ones: Key ingredients
towards effective ambient assisted living systems. Journal of Ambient Intelligence
and Smart Environments 2(2) (2010)
</li>
<li> Colten, C.E., Kates, R.W., Laska, S.B.: Community resilience: Lessons from new
orleans and hurricane katrina. Technical Report 3, Community and Regional Re-
silience Institute (CARRI) (2008)
</li>
<li> De Florio, V., Sun, H., Blondia, C.: Community resilience engineering: Reflections
and preliminary contributions. In Majzik, I., Vieira, M., eds.: Software Engineering
for Resilient Systems. Volume 8785 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer
International Publishing (2014) 1–8
</li>
<li> De Florio, V.: Communication and control: Tools, systems, and new dimensions.
Lexington (2015)
</li>
<li> Kim, Y., Chen, A., Keith, E., Yee, HalF., J., Kushel, M.: Not perfect, but better:
Primary care providers’ experiences with electronic referrals in a safety net health
system. Journal of General Internal Medicine 24(5) (2009) 614–619
</li>
<li> Shaw, L., de Berker, D.: Strengths and weaknesses of electronic referral: comparison
of data content and clinical value of electronic and paper referrals in dermatology.
British Journal of General Practitioners 57 (2007) 223–224
</li>
<li> Anonymous: Secured health information network and exchange (SHINE) (2012)
</li>
<li> Anonymous: SHINE OS+. Available online at http://www.shine.ph (2015)
</li>
<li> Verhulst, E.:
Zen and the art of safety engineering.
Available online
at http://www.slideshare.net/ericverhulst1/zen-and-the-art-of-safety-
engineering (2012)
</li>
<li> De Florio, V.: Antifragility = elasticity + resilience + machine learning. models
and algorithms for open system fidelity. Procedia Computer Science 32 (2014) 834–
841 1st ANTIFRAGILE workshop (ANTIFRAGILE-2015), the 5th International
Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT-2014).
</li>
<li> De Florio, V., Primiero, G.: A method for trustworthiness assessment based on
fidelity in cyber and physical domains. CoRR abs/1502.01899 (2015)
</li>
</ol>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">How Resilient Are Our Societies?</span> by <span xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" property="cc:attributionName">Vincenzo De Florio</span> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.<br />Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com" rel="cc:morePermissions">mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com</a>.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-31567365441989027372015-03-12T15:32:00.001+01:002015-03-12T15:32:46.002+01:00What does it mean that a software system is fragile, robust, or antifragile? Considerations, ideas, and examples<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-8d4b967d-09c0-76e9-f491-57f36977291c" style="line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In what follows is my answer to the second question of the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Webinar on Antifragility: "</span><a href="http://www.simplicityitself.com/antifragile/webinars/"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Antifragility Webinars: Practice Beyond the Rhetoric!</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">" that I mentioned <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2015/03/a-behavioral-interpretation-of.html">in my previous post</a>:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">H</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ow do I envision, and how am I actually translating Professor Taleb's antifragility into practice?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In order to answer this question I will need to spend a few words about systems made of software.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Software is nowadays becoming more and more complex; this is because it's becoming easier and easier to create complex applications from off the shelf components. Complexity can be easily manipulated, combined and recombined into ever more powerful software systems. On the other hand said systems become more and more <b>fragile</b>, as there is often little or no guarantee about the quality of the "<i>bricks</i>" one uses for their construction. <br /> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Are those bricks robust? Are they fragile? Antifragile? There's no easy way to tell and no standard that helps at the moment.<br /> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">So what we have today is <b>gigantic castles of sand</b> that are precariously built, in that their solidity and stability <i>depend on a chain of assumptions</i>: <i>A</i> assumes <i>B</i> is going to be reliable and available, <i>B</i> assumes <i>C</i> and <i>D</i> will work as expected, and so on and so forth.<br /> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Regrettably this <i>chain of dependencies</i> extends beyond software. Today's critical infrastructure are based on the same principle and share the same weakness.)<br /> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">OK so what do you do to prevent failures? The typical answer is that of <i>using redundant resources</i>. Instead of using a single component, you use several replicas. If one fails, you use another one. Or you use them all at once and then you select the output based on some criterion </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">—</span> for instance a voting scheme. If there's a majority in consensus, you assume the majority is right.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />The key word here is <b>redundancy</b>. To better understand what this word means, let me describe you a videogame.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">You play General Grant; you want to send an important message to a part of your troops so that they are informed of the next steps in your war strategy. The message has to go through a battlefield that is under the sphere of action of your Enemy. <i>What do you decide to do</i>?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A possibility is, you send a cavalryman with your message. Of course the carrier of your message may be hit; in other words, this is <b>a fragile scheme</b>. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grant knows better, so he sends several cavalrymen in the hope that at least one will reach their destination. For instance, he may choose to have three cavalrymen. This is a better scheme, 'cause it shields from up to two failures; on the other hand, this is a scheme that <i>does not take into account how the situation evolves</i> on the battlefield. You use three cavalrymen because you think that this number is big enough; but your reference is an estimation of <i>the current</i> condition. In fact, <b>conditions may vary</b>. Say the enemy doubles in number, or is joined by an artillery team that increases considerably its firepower. <i>What then</i>? The three cavalrymen may be all wiped out and the message be lost. If you compare it to sending just one cavalryman, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">this second scheme is much more <b>robust</b>; </span>and though, this is not at all sufficient to counterbalance changing conditions — conditions that mutate, possibly unexpectedly, and possibly very rapidly. The technical word that is typically used is <i>turbulent environments</i>. A <b>simple robust scheme</b> is one that "does not care too much" </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[as Prof. Taleb says] </span>about the evolution of its environment, and because of this often ends up <b>caring too little</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />What then? Well, if one could track the environment (e.g. the firepower) and the way our current scheme matches the environment (basically, how many cavalrymen are left at any point in time) then one could have a more robust scheme — one that is <b>resilient</b>, namely adaptive to changing conditions. New cavalrymen could be added in dire conditions, and their number could even be reduced through more relaxing conditions.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />But this is still not antifragile. In fact, the <i>system stays the same</i>: each time you face the problem you launch the same solution — a solution that is not changed by the experience. What we are trying to do is to change this. To change the software "DNA" after each "run" while taking into account the past runs.<br /> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What we do in practice is, we use web services (representing our cavalrymen); the system tracks the performance of our group of cavalrymen considering both "the parts" and "the whole": each individual "cavalryman" is tracked (one checks whether he's loyal and trustworthy, and to what extent he is) and the ability of the overall group is also tracked (how close we are to failure and disasters over time). </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<i><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(For more information about the above schemes and especially on</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Distance-To-Failure please refer to <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/otcaosr-v2.4.pdf">this</a> and <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/ISR%2034%20De%20Florio.pdf">this</a> paper.)</span></i></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">When performance is not satisfactory, the scheme is revised. Not just the amount of cavalrymen, but even the choice of which "cavalryman" to use is constantly revised.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(For more information please</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">refer to <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/BDB11a.pdf">this</a> and <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/SystemS2012_0015.pdf">this</a> paper.) </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Next steps will be to include machine learning schemes to tell which solution works better and best-matches the foreseen next condition. And we want this match to feed back on the solution itself, and be persisted in future runs. In other words we want to change the "<b>genetic code</b>" of the solution. For instance, instead of individual cavalrymen (webservices), we could learn that the scheme could work well with <i>teams</i> of cavalrymen (webservice groups). Said teams could work as a specialized "organism", with different roles within each group. Instead of working independently of one another, those teams could... <i>team up</i> into a fractal organization of webservices functioning as a <b>Fractal Social Organization</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(For more information about</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fractal Social Organizations, please</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">have a look at my ERACLIOS</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">posts [<a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2015/02/with-or-without-you-organizational.html">a</a>, <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2014/01/fractal-social-organizations.html">b</a>, <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2013/12/the-challenges-of-community-resilience.html">c</a>] and the papers</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/DF13c-SRBS-eSoC13.pdf">here</a> and <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/2013-DFSB13a.pdf">here</a>.)</span></div>
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<p>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">What does it mean that a software system is fragile, robust, or antifragile? Considerations, ideas, and examples</span> by <span xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" property="cc:attributionName">Vincenzo De Florio</span> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.<br />Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com" rel="cc:morePermissions">vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com</a>.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-51910313798977637892015-03-11T18:08:00.000+01:002015-03-11T18:21:09.450+01:00A Behavioral Interpretation of Antifragility<br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I have been recently invited to participate to a Webinar on Antifragility: "</span><a href="http://www.simplicityitself.com/antifragile/webinars/"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Antifragility Webinars: Practice Beyond the Rhetoric!</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Quoting from the referenced site, on March 18, 2015 Dr.</span><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/russmiles"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Russ Miles</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> and Dr.</span><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/salhir"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Si Alhir</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"will host a panel of practitioners to explore:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How these practitioners have interpreted Taleb’s concept of Antifragility,</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">How these practitioners have translated their interpretation into practice, and</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The results and impacts of their efforts — Practice Beyond the Rhetoric!"</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Here I would like to share with you my answers to the first question. If time allows I will address the other two questions the coming days.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">So, how have I interpreted Professor Taleb's antifragility?</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Mine is a <b>behavioral</b> interpretation, meaning the focus is not on the way a system is structured and constructed. Rather, it is on the way the system responds to change. [cf. the work of Wiener and others that brought to the concept of cybernetics]</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This approach focuses on systems and their output, regardless of the nature of those systems. Therefore it applies to biological systems ("beings"); artificial systems (cyber-physical "things"...); and it also applies to collective systems made of beings and things.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Wiener and others used behavior to characterize all types of systems — to tell how smart a system was when facing change. There's a famous paper, called "</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/books/wiener-teleology.pdf">Behavior, Purpose and Teleology</a>", where they distinguish systems according to their behaviors; they have </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">—</span></div>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.google.be/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpespmc1.vub.ac.be%2Fbooks%2Fwiener-teleology.pdf&ei=fA0AVcbWO4KGywOWzILwDg&usg=AFQjCNG7nxmSSP9h3QB_NwisydxpwAgkuQ&sig2=aCD_4Paj8vxUJUS33mSs0w&bvm=bv.87611401,d.bGQ" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">systems that do not react at all</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (I call them <b>sitting ducks</b> to change)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">systems that react with no concern about the situation (<b>elastic</b> systems) </span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">systems that check what's going on and try to adjust to it (<b>adaptive</b> systems)</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">and systems that keep track of what's going on and try to "tell the future" (anticipate conditions that could be black swans or maybe gold swans) (<b>predictive </b>/ <b>extrapolatory</b> systems).</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Obviously if you consider <b>resilience</b>, the above classification is somewhat in line with Prof. Taleb's vision of fragile, robust, and antifragile systems. I say "somewhat" because Wiener & co. did not take into account <i>the effect over time of facing change</i>: the <b>genetic feedback</b> produced by the experience. In other words, a systems' evolvability.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">If we want to extend the behavioral classification with Prof. Taleb's antifragile systems, we have to consider an extra dimension. I call this dimension the one of <b>evolving feedback behaviors</b> (EFB) — behaviors, that is, that leave a trace in the system, and actually <i>modify</i> the system. It is important to understand that such systems do not preserve the "self" — their identity. It is more difficult to make sure that such systems "stay the same" — namely, comply to their specifications; behave as expected; and so forth. Is this a big problem? Yes it is. Quoting </span><a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30290540"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Professor Hawking</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, an artificial system that can evolve</span></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><i>would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever increasing rate.</i> [..] <i>Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn't compete, and would be superseded</i>." (cf. my post "<a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2013/11/what-system-is-most-resilient.html">What System Is The Most Resilient?</a>") </span></div>
</blockquote>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>Antifragile behaviors</b> may be considered as a particular type of EFB: one in which the self-modification improves the system-environment fit — one that makes it more probable for the system to survive in the current (or the hypothesized future) environment. (Note that being able to improve one's system-environment fit has nothing to do with guaranteeing that what the system does is "right". In other words, special care must be taken to make sure that the drifting of system identity associated with antifragile behaviors does not translate into "dangerous" or counterproductive behaviors. Some form of safety enforcing invariants should probably be embedded into antifragile behaviored systems (cf. Asimov's Laws of Robotics)</span><br />
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<span property="dct:title" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">A Behavioral Interpretation of Antifragility</span> by <span property="cc:attributionName" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#">Vincenzo De Florio</span> is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.<br />
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a href="mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com" rel="cc:morePermissions" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#">mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com</a>.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-49663424643078352102015-02-18T23:37:00.000+01:002015-02-18T23:52:09.054+01:00With or Without You? An Organizational DilemmaWe often get to know of cases in which the interaction between individual and organization is ineffective. A typical example that often finds the front pages of newspapers is that of people who, for instance due to an accident, are in difficulty when interacting with care service organizations.
A few examples may help understanding the matter:
<ol>
<li> <a href="http://palermo.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/02/12/news/manca_il_posto_in_rianimazione_negli_ospedali_di_catania_neonata_muore_in_ambulanza-107141635/?ref=HREA-1">Newborn child dies in the ambulance before reaching a hospital</a>.
<blockquote>After a normal delivery, the newborn accused difficulty in breathing. The doctors tried in vain to locate a hospital where she could be transferred. The emergency service initiated a monitoring in the three hospitals in Catania in which pediatric intensive therapy is available: the Garibaldi, the Holy Child and Cannizzaro. None of the three centers had a free bed. The only hospital in eastern Sicily that responded to the call was Ragusa, more than a hundred miles away, a good hour travel. But the little girl died during transport in a private ambulance.</blockquote>
<li> <a href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2000/gennaio/14/Ragazza_muore_influenza_cercando_ospedale_co_0_0001143569.shtml">Girl dies of common cold while looking for a hospital</a>.
<blockquote>[...] A hospital in Milazzo (IT) does not have an Intensive Care Unit, and none was available in any of the other hospitals in the Milazzo province. Eventually, a place is found 200 miles away, in Caltagirone, on the other side of Etna. Two hours driving. A young girl dies.
</blockquote>
<li> <a href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2001/aprile/06/Muore_ambulanza_cercando_ospedale_co_10_0104068798.shtml">52 years old man died yesterday aboard an ambulance, while looking for a hospital in which to be operated for a double aneurysm</a>.
<blockquote>The sick was transported to the hospital Umberto I. There, unfortunately, cardiac surgery was 'locked' for technical issues since March 24. Rossella Moscatelli, deputy director of health at the Umberto I hospitals explains: "For two weeks we have been communicating to all hospitals, including Colleferro, and the emergency service, that the temperature controllers were out of order." These devices are essential to run the machinery for extracorporeal blood circulation during open heart surgery. Yesterday the new temperature controllers, just tested, "were in operation for two planned by-pass surgeries - she adds - and Colleferro was informed only five minutes before of the arrival of an ambulance: as they tried to locate in the city another hospital available, we attempted to stabilize the patient. After about two hours we manage to find one hospital available, the San Camillo. For the patient, however, it was too late. Simona Pasca of “Cittadinanza Attiva -- Tribunal for Patients' Rights” remarks: "If hospitals were better connected to each other, that patient might be still alive.
<b>The problems of the [classic] organization of emergency repeat themselves cyclically, and patients continue to die</b>."</blockquote>
</ol>
Other cases may be found <a href="http://it.emspedia.com/wiki/Ha_un_infarto_in_ospedale:_il_Pronto_soccorso_%C3%A8_chiuso_e_lui_muore_cercando_aiuto">here</a> and <a href="http://www.vitadidonna.org/cronaca/2972-sicilia-4-anni-romeno-muore-cercando-un-ospedale-2972.html">here</a>.
As can be clearly understood from the above cases and the wise words by Simona Pasca,
the challenge here is to tackle this problem and reformulate the care system into a “smarter”, more resilient organization such that the above dreadful cases, and similar ones, <b>do not occur anymore</b>.<p>
I believe a starting point towards a solution may be found through the following reasoning:<p>
If I analyze all the above cases I can see three recurring elements:
<ol>
<li> An event takes place and creates a new “need”
<li> The need requires a response from a care institution
<li> The interaction event-institution is almost completely managed by the individual or by individual parts of the overall care system. <b>The system does not work as a Whole, but rather as a collection of fragmented units</b>.
</ol>
The disadvantages of the above scheme are clearly demonstrated by the reported cases. In particular, the limited knowledge that the individual and individual parts of the system have about the available resources and their state often traslates in time-consuming and error-prone queries (“pollings”). An answer to this problem cold be given by the engineering of <b>a novel form of organization</b>: the Fractal Social Organization (FSO) (cf.
previous post <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2014/01/fractal-social-organizations.html">here</a>.)<p>
Such new organization is based on the following “axioms”:
<ul>
<li> <i>Member</i>. An individual or a cyberphysical thing can subscribe to a FSO and become member. Members of a FSO belong to a level of the FSO (a “community”) and refer to a representative of that level (“community representative”). The community representative is the “personification” of that level/community and has a dual nature: it is a member of the community it represents and it is also a member of the next higher level/community.
<li> <i>Role</i>. A member can take a role, namely accomplish actions belonging to a certain class of actions (surgeon-, driver-, nurse-, patient-specific actions...)
<li> <i>Notification</i>. A member can send notifications to its community representative. These notifications can be status notifications, requests for service, availability of service, etc.
<li> <i>Check Up</i>. For each new notification the community representative performs a semantic check: it verifies whether the new notification "enables" actions. By “Action” I mean a function of roles that become active when all the necessary “ingredients” (i.e., roles) are available (cf. Dataflow processing; <a href="http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/koren/architecture/Tomasulo/AppletTomasulo.html">Tomasulo algorithm</a>, etc.)
<li> <i>Exception</i>. If an action is semantically labeled as “critical”, the lack of a role triggers an exception: the community representative propagates the notification to the next “higher up”.
</ul>
(It is important to consider that an FSO can also be a member of a community; this translates into <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL46wI3I3c-qKh68XBxZM-R8_uv1eh8jFC">the “fractal” structure of FSOs</a>.)<p>
A new “general scheme of operation” enabled by a FSO is then as follows:<p>
<ol>
<li> An event takes place and creates a new “need”
<li> The need requires a response from a care institution
<li> The institution acts as community representative and manages the response locally. If an optimal response can be found within the community (or, in other words, all roles can be allocated in the current “region”), the response in enacted and the state is adjusted. If no optimal response can be found, an exception propagates the need and the current response state to the community higher-up. Both need and response “travel” through the levels of the FSO hierarchy until the response is finally enabled.
<li> While being executed, new knowledge is accrued both locally and globally. The response is thus refined, re-verified, and if (safer, cheaper, higher performing) alternatives are found, they are considered.
</ol>
<i>Organizational evolution</i> is clearly a very ambitious and risk-taking endeavor. Among the many challenges that needs to be tackled are the following ones:
<ul>
<li> Enable existing organizations to become members of an FSO. This will make it possible for existing organizations, e.g. one dealing with emergency care and one managing civil defense, to join forces and share resources and knowledge.
<li> Enable fast localization of resources (Example: e-Procurement, as in <a href="http://ph.news.yahoo.com/e-health-system-help-curb-maternal-deaths-provinces-054810305.html">SHINE: Secured Health Information Network Exchange</a>)
<li> Enable a “natural” (institutional) use of informal carers, and the social “network” centered around the user (its family, friends, etc...)
<li> Enable non-discrimination of members (an FSO casts no predefined classes of users, as “classic” organizations have: for instance, primary users, secondary users, patients)
<li> Enable “best use” of social resources (hospitals, equipment and skilled personnel, ...)
<li> Avoidance of resources being either underutilized or overutilized (cf. Service queues...)
<li> Enabling optimal responses to crisis management, in particular with the spontaneous integration of informal responders: cf. <b>COMMUNITY RESILIENCE</b>.
</ul>
Traditional organizations are becoming more and more inadequate and chaos-prone by the minute. In the light of the new scenarios
in which resources are getting scarcer and populations bigger, the “old ways” in the organization of human activities reveal all their limitation. We can't live with them; but we can't live without them either. <i>What then</i>?<p>
The time is <b>Now</b> for experimenting with new and more intelligent ways of organization and management of resources. Turning around the current paradigm
and having the organization tailoring an optimal response to the user's requests may provide mankind with one such way.<p>
Evolving human organizations -- and learning how to do so <b>without compromising the identity of the intended services</b> -- is verily
one of the greatest challenges humanity shall soon be confronted with.<p>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">With or Without You? An Organizational Dilemma </span> by <span xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" property="cc:attributionName">Vincenzo De Florio</span> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.<br />Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com" rel="cc:morePermissions">mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com</a>.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-65889248111024587192015-02-13T00:00:00.002+01:002015-02-13T00:00:52.740+01:00Antifragility explained by Hayao Miyazaki<div class="article-body">
Antifragility explained by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hayao Miyazaki</a>:<br />
<blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Living means changing [..];<br /> Still, you don't change.<br /> You can't drift away from<br /> the project embodied in your structure."</blockquote>
</blockquote>
I think this is the biggest difference between resilience and antifragility:<br />
Resilience is "<strong>being at work TO STAY THE SAME</strong>".<br /><br />Identity
must be preserved, ergo, the system is not free to evolve beyond its
"genetic code" — beyond its specifications, for instance.<br /><br />Not so with antifragility. Antifragility is "being at work <strong>TO GET BETTER IN THE PROCESS</strong>".<br /><br />There, you change, and accept the risks of change — the risks of living.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
(originally appeared as <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/antifragility-explained-h-miyazaki-vincenzo-de-florio">a LinkedIn post</a>.)<img alt="" class="center" data-loading-tracked="true" height="486" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/p/1/005/0b7/3d8/1b7fab4.jpg" width="588" /></div>
Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-59281101300090708172014-11-17T14:57:00.001+01:002014-11-17T15:46:07.238+01:00Second Edition of the International Workshop on Computational Antifragility and Antifragile Engineering (ANTIFRAGILE 2015)Resilience may be described as an intended emerging property resulting from the coupling of a system and its environment(s).
Depending on the interactions between these two "ends" and on the quality of the individual behaviours that both system
and environment(s) may exercise, <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/VincenzoDeFlorio/a-behavioralinterpretation-of-resilience-and-antifragility">different strategies may be chosen</a>:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><i>elasticity</i> (preserving system identity by masking changes); </li>
<li><i>entelechism</i> (guaranteeing the identity of the system by tolerating changes);</li>
<li><i><b>antifragility</b></i> (adapting both the system and its identity so as to best fit the changing environment; and, while doing so,
evolving the "self" and learning how to evolve the adaptation processes). </li>
</ul>
<br />
The major focus of the <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/antifragile15/">ANTIFRAGILE 2015 Workshop</a> is computational and engineering aspects of antifragility, the term recently introduced
by Professor N. Taleb in his book "<a href="https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/19092611-antifragile-things-that-gain-from-disorder">Antifragile: Things that Gain from Disorder</a>". Antifragile computing
systems are those resilient systems that are<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>open to their own system-environment fit; </li>
<li>able to exercise complex auto-predictive behaviours; </li>
<li>and that develop wisdom as a result of matches between available strategies and obtained results. </li>
</ul>
The engineering of antifragile computer-based systems is a challenge that, once met, would allow systems and
ambients to self-evolve and self-improve by learning from accidents and mistakes in a way not dissimilar from that of human beings. Learning how to design and craft antifragile systems is an extraordinary endeavour whose tackling is likely to reverberate
on many a computer engineering field. New methods, programming languages, even custom platforms will have to be designed.
The expected returns are extraordinary as well: antifragile computer engineering promises to enable realizing truly autonomic
systems and ambients able to <i>meta-adapt</i> to changing circumstances; <i>self-adjust</i> to dynamically changing environments and ambients; <i>self-organize</i> so as to track dynamically and proactively optimal strategies to sustain scalability, high-performance, and
energy efficiency; <i>personalize</i> their aspects and behaviours after each and every user. And to <i>learn</i> how to get better while doing it.<br />
<br />
Building atop the <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2014/06/antifragile-2014-part-1-keynote-speech.html">very positive response of last year</a>, this second edition of ANTIFRAGILE aims to further enhance the awareness
of the above challenges and to continue the initiated discussion on how computer and software engineering may address them.
As a design aspect cross-cutting through all system and communication layers, antifragile engineering calls for multidisciplinary
visions and approaches able to bridge the gaps between “distant” research communities so as to<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>propose novel solutions to design and develop antifragile systems and ambients; </li>
<li>devise conceptual models and paradigms for computational antifragility; </li>
<li>provide analytical and simulation models and tools to measure systems ability to withstand faults,
adjust to new environments, and enhance their resilience in the process; </li>
<li>foster the exchange of ideas and lively discussions able to drive future research and development efforts in the area. </li>
</ul>
The main topics of the workshop include, but are not limited to:<br />
<ul>
<li>Conceptual frameworks for antifragile systems, ambients, and behaviours; </li>
<li>Dependability, resilience, and antifragile requirements and open issues; </li>
<li>Design principles, models, and techniques for realizing antifragile systems and behaviours; </li>
<li>Frameworks and techniques enabling resilient and antifragile applications;</li>
<li>Antifragile human-machine interaction; </li>
<li>End-to-end approaches towards antifragile services; </li>
<li>Autonomic antifragile behaviours; </li>
<li>Middleware architectures and mechanisms for resilience and antifragility; </li>
<li>Theoretical foundation of resilient and antifragile behaviours; </li>
<li>Formal modelling of resilience and antifragility; </li>
<li>Programming language support for resilience and antifragility; </li>
<li>Machine learning as a foundation of resilient and antifragile architectures; </li>
<li>Antifragility and resiliency against malicious attacks; </li>
<li>Antifragility and the Cloud; </li>
<li>Service Level Agreements for Antifragility; </li>
<li>Verification and validation of resilience and antifragility; </li>
<li>Antifragile and resilient services. </li>
</ul>
<br />
All accepted papers of the previous edition of the workshop are freely available <a href="http://goo.gl/LafdXa">here</a>.
A detailed description of two of the papers of the previous edition of the workshop,
as well as their presentations, are available at <a href="http://goo.gl/wpAcNn">this page</a>.
For more information about computational antifragility, please visit also the LinkedIn
group "<a href="http://goo.gl/BBSNvj">Computational Antifragility</a>" and the G+ Community at <a href="https://plus.google.com/communities/118313647080230631377">this</a> page.<br />
<br />
In this second edition, <b>Professor Taleb kindly agreed to give his keynote speech through teleconferencing</b>.<br />
<br />
<br />
ANTIFRAGILE is co-located with the <a href="http://cs-conferences.acadiau.ca/ant-15/">6th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies</a>, June 2 - 5, 2015, London, UK. ANTIFRAGILE is likely to take place on the second day of the Conference, June 3 (though this has not been confirmed yet.)
All ANT-2015 accepted papers (thus including the ANTIFRAGILE 2015 papers) will be published by Elsevier Science in the open-access Procedia Computer Science series on-line. Procedia Computer Sciences is hosted on www.Elsevier.com and on Elsevier content platform ScienceDirect (www.sciencedirect.com), and will be freely available worldwide. All papers in Procedia will be indexed by Scopus (www.scopus.com) and by Thomson Reuters' Conference Proceeding Citation Index http://thomsonreuters.com/conference-proceedings-citation-index/. The papers will contain linked references, XML versions and citable DOI numbers. Authors will be able to provide a hyperlink to all delegates and direct your conference website visitors to your proceedings. All accepted papers will also be indexed in DBLP (http://dblp.uni-trier.de/). Selected papers will be invited for publication in special issues of international journals.<br />
<br />
For more information about ANTIFRAGILE 2015 please visit the <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/antifragile15/">ANTIFRAGILE web site</a>. A number of resources and reflections about computational antifragility may be found at the <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2014/11/some-recent-papers-on-elasticity.html">following page</a> and through <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/VincenzoDeFlorio/a-behavioralinterpretation-of-resilience-and-antifragility">this</a> presentation.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-55145182615853817912014-11-10T11:18:00.001+01:002014-11-12T09:20:01.864+01:00Some recent papers on elasticity, resilience, and computational antifragilitySome of my most recent papers on elasticity, resilience, and computational antifragility:
<ul>
<li> "<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/DF14a_ANTIFRAGILE14.pdf">Antifragility = Elasticity + Resilience + Machine Learning. Models and Algorithms for Open System Fidelity</a>". In Proc. of the 1st International Workshop "From Dependable to Resilient, from Resilient to Antifragile Ambients and Systems" (ANTIFRAGILE 2014), Hasselt, Belgium, 2-5 June, 2014. Elsevier Science, Procedia Computer Science.
<blockquote>
We introduce a model of the fidelity of open systems—fidelity being interpreted here as the compliance between corresponding figures of interest in two separate but communicating domains. A special case of fidelity is given by real-timeliness and synchrony, in which the figure of interest is the physical and the system’s notion of time. Our model covers two orthogonal aspects of fidelity, the first one focusing on a system’s steady state and the second one capturing that system’s dynamic and behavioural characteristics. We discuss how the two aspects correspond respectively to elasticity and resilience and we highlight each aspect’s qualities and limitations. Finally we sketch the elements of a new model coupling both of the first model’s aspects and complementing them with machine learning. Finally, a conjecture is put forward that the new model may represent a first step towards compositional criteria for antifragile systems.
</blockquote>
<li> "<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/DF14b_Wiener21stA.pdf">On the Behavioral Interpretation of System-Environment Fit and Auto-Resilience</a>". In Proc. of the IEEE 2014 Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century, Boston, MA, 24-26 June, 2014. IEEE.
<blockquote>
Already 71 years ago Rosenblueth, Wiener, and Bigelow introduced the concept of the “behavioristic study of natural events” and proposed a classification of systems according to the quality of the behaviors they are able to exercise. In this paper we consider the problem of the resilience of a system when deployed in a changing environment, which we tackle by considering the behaviors both the system organs and the environment mutually exercise. We then introduce a partial order and a metric space for those behaviors, and we use them to define a behavioral interpretation of the concept of system-environment fit. Moreover we suggest that behaviors based on the
extrapolation of future environmental requirements would allow systems to proactively improve their own system-environment fit and optimally evolve their resilience. Finally we describe how we plan to express a complex optimization strategy in terms of the concepts introduced in this paper
</blockquote>
<li> "<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/autoresilience.pdf">Preliminary Contributions Towards Auto-Resilience</a>". In A. Gorbenko, A. Romanovsky, V. Kharchenko (Eds). Software Engineering for Resilient Systems - 5th International Workshop, SERENE 2013, Kiev, Ukraine, October 3-4, 2013. Proceedings. LNCS 8166. Springer 2013.
<blockquote>
The variability in the conditions of deployment environments introduces new challenges for the resilience of our computer systems. As a response to said challenges, novel approaches must be devised so that identity robustness be guaranteed autonomously and with minimal overhead. This paper provides the elements of one such approach. First, building on top of previous results, we formulate a metric framework to compare specific aspects of the resilience of systems and environments. Such framework is then put to use by sketching the elements of a handshake mechanism between systems declaring their resilience figures and environments stating their minimal resilience requirements. Despite its simple formulation it is shown how said mechanism enables scenarios in which resilience can be autonomously enhanced, e.g., through forms of social collaboration. This paves the way to future “auto-resilient” systems, namely systems able to reason and revise their own architectures and organisations so as to optimally guarantee identity persistence.
</blockquote>
<li> "<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/DF14d_QUALITY%20INDICATORS%20FOR%20COLLECTIVE%20SYSTEMS%20RESILIENCE%20v2.pdf">Quality indicators for collective systems resilience</a>", Emergence: Complexity & Organization, ISSN: 1521-3250, Vol. 16, No. 3, September 2014, pp. 65-104.
<blockquote>
Resilience is widely recognized as an important design goal though it is one that seems to escape a general and consensual understanding. Often mixed up with other system attributes; traditionally used with different meanings in as many different disciplines; sought or applied through diverse approaches in various application domains, resilience in fact is a multi-attribute property that implies a number of constitutive abilities. To further complicate the matter, resilience is not an absolute property but rather it is the result of the match between a system, its current condition, and the environment it is set to operate in. In this paper we discuss this problem and provide a definition of resilience as a property measurable as a system-environment fit. This brings to the foreground the dynamic nature of resilience as well as its hard dependence on the context. A major problem becomes then that, being a dynamic figure, resilience cannot be assessed in absolute terms. As a way to partially overcome this obstacle, in this paper we provide a number of indicators of the quality of resilience. Our focus here is that of collective systems, namely those systems resulting from the union of multiple individual parts, sub-systems, or organs. Through several examples of such systems we observe how our indicators provide insight, at least in the cases at hand, on design flaws potentially affecting the efficiency of the resilience strategies. A number of conjectures are finally put forward to associate our indicators with factors affecting the quality of resilience.
</blockquote>
<li> "<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/otcaosr-v2.4.pdf">On the Constituent Attributes of Software and Organizational Resilience</a>", Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, vol. 38, no. 2, Maney Publishing, June 2013.
<blockquote>
Our societies are increasingly dependent on the services supplied by our computers and their software. Forthcoming new technology is only exacerbating this dependence by increasing the number, the performance, and the degree of autonomy and inter-connectivity of software-empowered computers and cyber-physical “things”, which translates into unprecedented scenarios of interdependence. As a consequence, guaranteeing the persistence-of-identity of individual and collective software systems and software-backed organisations becomes an increasingly important prerequisite towards sustaining the safety, security, and quality of the computer services supporting human societies. Resilience is the term used to refer to the ability of a system to retain its functional and non-functional identity. In the present article we conjecture that a better understanding of resilience may be reached by decomposing it into a number of ancillary constituent properties, the same way as a better insight in system dependability was obtained by breaking it down into safety, availability, reliability, and other sub-properties. Three of the main sub-properties of resilience proposed here refer respectively to the ability to perceive environmental changes; to understand the implications introduced by those changes; and to plan and enact adjustments intended to improve the system-environment fit. A fourth property characterises the way the above abilities manifest themselves in computer systems. The four properties are then analyzed in three families of case studies, each consisting of three software systems that embed different resilience methods. Our major conclusion is that reasoning in terms of our resilience sub-properties may help revealing the characteristics—and in particular the limitations—of classic methods and tools meant to achieve system and organisational resilience. We conclude by suggesting that our method may prelude to meta-resilient systems—systems, that is, able to adjust optimally their own resilience with respect to changing environmental conditions.
</blockquote>
<li> "<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/DFSB14-serene14.pdf">Community Resilience Engineering: Reflections and Preliminary Contributions</a>". In I. Majzik and M. Vieira (Eds.), Proceedings of SERENE 2014, LNCS 8785, pp. 1-8, 2014
<blockquote>An important challenge for human societies is that of mastering the complexity of Community Resilience, namely “the sustained ability of a community to utilize available resources to respond to, withstand, and recover from adverse situations”. The above concise definition puts the accent on an important requirement: a community’s ability to make use in an intelligent way of the available resources, both institutional and spontaneous, in order to match the complex evolution of the “significant multi-hazard threats characterizing a crisis”. Failing to address such requirement exposes a community to extensive failures that are known to exacerbate the consequences of natural and human-induced crises. As a consequence, we experience today an urgent need to respond to the challenges of community resilience engineering. This problem, some reflections, and preliminary prototypical contributions constitute the topics of the present article.
</blockquote>
A presentation of this paper is available <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/VincenzoDeFlorio/2014-1015serenev11">here</a>.
<li>
"<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.0092">Systems, Resilience, and Organization: Analogies and Points of Contact with Hierarchy Theory</a>".
<blockquote>Aim of this paper is to provide preliminary elements for discussion about the implications of the Hierarchy Theory of Evolution on the design and evolution of artificial systems and socio-technical organizations. In order to achieve this goal, a number of analogies are drawn between the System of Leibniz; the socio-technical architecture known as Fractal Social Organization; resilience and related disciplines; and Hierarchy Theory. In so doing we hope to provide elements for reflection and, hopefully, enrich the discussion on the above topics with considerations pertaining to related fields and disciplines, including computer science, management science, cybernetics, social systems, and general systems theory.
</blockquote>
<li> "<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/DF14c_Wiener21stB_cr.pdf">Behavior, Organization, Substance: Three Gestalts of General Systems Theory</a>". In Proc. of the IEEE 2014 Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century, Boston, MA, 24-26 June, 2014. IEEE.
<blockquote>
The term gestalt, when used in the context of general systems theory, assumes the value of “systemic touchstone”, namely a figure of reference useful to categorize the properties or qualities of a set of systems. Typical gestalts used, e.g., in biology, are those based on anatomical or physiological characteristics, which correspond respectively to architectural and organizational design choices in natural and artificial systems. In this paper we discuss three gestalts of general systems theory: behavior, organization, and substance, which refer respectively to the works of Wiener, Boulding, and Leibniz. Our major focus here is the system introduced by the latter. Through a discussion of some of the elements of the Leibnitian System, and by means of several novel interpretations of those elements in terms of today’s computer science, we highlight the debt that contemporary research still has with this Giant among the giant scholars of the past.
</blockquote>
</ul>
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<meta name="twitter:url" content="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/" />Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-77442891509418985602014-11-03T13:09:00.001+01:002014-11-03T13:10:43.976+01:00A few thoughts on Computational AntifragilityI consider antifragility as the one end of a spectrum of behaviors of a system interacting with an "environment".
I use quotes there for "environment" is in fact just another system or system-of-systems also expressing a behavior. The need
for antifragility, in my opinion, comes from the "opportunities" that may appear throughout the mutual interaction of these
behaviors. A few examples may clarify what I mean. If E exercises a random behavior (or one that appears to S as random,
or unintelligible) then S can't use any advanced behavior and must resort to worst-case analysis and predefined use of redundancy
to mask out the negative effects of E's behavior. This is elasticity. On the other hand, if E exercises
purposeful behavior, viz. intelligible behaviors such that a goal may be identified and pursued,
then S can match E's behavior with something "more clever". A first thing that S may do
is enacting a strategy towards a simple protection of its identity. This is entelechism ("being-at-work" so as to "stay-the-same").
This is a teleological / extrapolatory behavior that ranges from reactivity to proactivity. Once more, what to use depends on
E's behaviors -- if the behavior of E may be anticipated, then proactivity is a good option, while if the behavior has a reduced
"extrapolation horizon" then a better option could be reactivity. An important aspect to highlight is, in my opinion, that
entelechism leaves no trace in S. "Genetically" speaking, the interaction with E leaves no trace. The impact on the identity of
the system is nought. In other words if you run S a second time and deploy it in E, S will start from scratch. One could say that
entelechism is memoryless -- it leaves no trace in S. A different approach is what I call "computational antifragility". Here
S makes use of learning techniques that leave a trace in S's identity. Computational antifragility is proactivity with machine
learning, it is "being-at-work while improving-the-self". This corresponds to Professor Taleb's concept of antifragility,
applied to the context of computing systems.<p>
The currently missing link is, in my opinion, the ability to reconfigure the system so as to select the resilience strategy
best matching the current behavior of E. In other words, a self-resilient (or as I call it, an auto-resilient)
approach is required, with an environment behavior classificator able to tell what options are made viable
by E's behavior, a planner selecting the corresponding strategy and its parameters, and a reconfigurator
able to re-weave the system according to the selected strategy.<p>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">A few thoughts on Computational Antifragility</span> by <span xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" property="cc:attributionName">Vincenzo De Florio</span> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.<br />Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com" rel="cc:morePermissions">mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com</a>.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-83067068404066238142014-06-09T18:27:00.000+02:002014-06-09T18:27:06.576+02:00ANTIFRAGILE 2014! Part 1 (Keynote speech and first presentation)As you may know already, the first edition of the <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/resilience2antifragile/">ANTIFRAGILE workshop</a> took place on June 3 in Hasselt, Belgium. The workshop was a satellite event of the <a href="http://cs-conferences.acadiau.ca/ant-14/">ANT'14 Conference</a>, hosted at the University of Hasselt.<p>
Being a workshop on computational antifragility, it was only normal that the workshop itself had to be... <i>put to test!</i> In fact we had to tolerate and learn from a number of problems, both technical and logistic in nature, including a missing remote controller for operating the LCD projector; no computers being available with the projector; and people being dispatched to the wrong Campus as a result of wrong information at the Conference website. In fact, we can proudly say that we managed to compensate for all those inconveniences at the minimal cost of 30' delay!
(Yes, we had considered the possibility of such a delay and used an elasticity strategy to reduce its effects...)<p>
<table align="right">
<tr>
<th>Presentation summary</th>
<th>Presentation</th>
<th>Article</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="#Jones">Dr. Kenny H. Jones</a></td>
<td><a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/ANTIFRAGILE%2714/Workshop/PPTs/Jones.pdf">Presentation</a></td>
<td><a href="http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877050914007042/1-s2.0-S1877050914007042-main.pdf?_tid=87400178-ef12-11e3-977b-00000aab0f02&acdnat=1402235041_9d82234f24de6285bb4b56ed817cb97e">Article</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="#DeFlorio">Vincenzo De Florio</a></td>
<td><a href="">Presentation</a></td>
<td><a href="">Article</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr><div><a name="Jones">Glad</a>
to have passed our ordeal and happy to have earned the right to call ours as a truly "antifragile workshop," we began our meeting with the insightful keynote speech of Dr. <b>Kenny H. Jones</b>, from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) in Hampton. Dr. Jones' <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/ANTIFRAGILE%2714/Workshop/PPTs/Jones.pdf">presentation</a> and <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050914007042">paper</a> are freely available for download. Among the many important contributions and lessons learned that Dr. Jones shared with us, I found several of the statements in his abstract as particularly convenient for the occasion<sup><a href="#footnoteone">1</a></sup>:
<blockquote>"NASA is working to infuse concepts from Complexity Science in
to the engineering process. Some [...] problems may be
solved by a <i>change in design philosophy</i>. Instead of designing
systems to meet <i>known requirements</i> that will always lead to
fragile systems at some degree, <b>systems should be designed
wherever possible to be antifragile</b>: designing <i>cognitive cyber-physical systems
that can learn from their experience, adapt to unforeseen events they face in their environment, and grow
stronger in the face of adversity</i>."
</blockquote>
Dr. Jones in particular identifies a first "deadly sin" of traditional engineering practice in <i>reductionism</i>,
namely the assumption that "Any system, no matter how complicated, can be completely understood if reduced
to elemental components". This leads to the fallacy that "By fully understanding the elements, system behavior
can be predicted and therefore controlled". While this may be true in some cases, more and more we are confronted
with systems that are <i>more than the sum of their parts</i> (which, incidentally,
is the theme of a presentation that I recently gave at the 2014 SuperMinds Event!)
System behavior in this case is more difficult to capture, predict, and control, as it is the result of
complex interactions among the parts and the environment they are set to operate in. We use to say that
in these <i>complex systems</i> the behavior <b>emerges</b> from those interactions. Dr. Jones observed how despite considerable effort and funding a non-negligible gap exists between theoretical results and practical solutions.
This brought to partnerships such as NFS and LaRC and to initiatives as the Inter Agency Working Group -- both of
which were actions specifically addressing the solution of the above gap. Apart from partnerships, NASA also
initiated internal actions specifically meant to address the engineering practice of complex systems. The Complex
Aeronautics Systems Team at LaRC is one such activity. Ultimate aim of those initiatives is being able to engineer large-scale complex systems that be able to deal more effectively with uncertainty; optimally self-manage their action; be less costly and characterized by reduced development times; and be applicable to general and augmented contexts such as the social, the political, and the economic.<p>
It is at this point that Dr. Jones introduces his main observation: a second "deadly sin" of
the traditional engineering practice, he states, is that <i>currently systems are designed to be
fragile in the first place</i>! In fact, traditional systems are the result of design requirements,
and
<font color="blue">those design requirements systematically introduce Achilles' Heels in the system:
strict dependences on a reference environment that in practice <i>prohibit the system to address the unexpected</i>.
In fact any violation of the design requirement inherently translates in an
<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/ads7_deflorio.pdf">assumption failure</a></font>.
In other words, "If the system is stressed beyond the design requirements, it will fail", and systems
"are designed to be fragile at some degree"! Antifragile systems engineering is in fact quite the opposite:
a novel practice such that the system becomes stronger when stressed;
<font color="blue">after all, as the famous Latin quote says, it is <b>per aspera</b> (through difficulties)
that we get <b>ad astra</b> (to the stars — a primary objective of NASA by the way!!)</font>
<center><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Per_aspera_ad_astra%2C_1894.jpg" style="width: 80%"></center>
With the words of Dr. Jones, "what is needed are new methods producing systems that can adapt functionality
and performance <b>to meet the unknown</b>".<br>
Dr. Jones then introduced a non exhaustive list of very interesting exemplary applications and concluded
his speech with a number of statements. His final one constitutes in my opinion the major lesson learned
and the starting point of our work in computational antifragility:
<blockquote>
A change in design philosophy is needed that will produce anti fragile systems: systems able to learn to perform in the face of
the unexpected and improve performance beyond what was anticipated.
</blockquote>
The speech was intertwined with rapid questions / answers and was attended also by some of the organizers of the main Conference, ANT'14.
</div>
<p>
<hr><div><a name="DeFlorio">I</a>
had the pleasure and honor to give the second presentation, entitled "Antifragility = Elasticity + Resilience
+ Machine Learning — Models and Algorithms for Open System Fidelity".
<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/ANTIFRAGILE%2714/Workshop/PPTs/De%20Florio.pdf">Presentation</a>
and <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050914006991">paper</a>
are freely available for download.<p>
Starting point of my discussion are the two questions: what is computational antifragility, and why is it different from established disciplines such as dependability, resilience, elasticity, robustness, and safety?
My answer is constructed through a number of "moves". Making use of the classic
Aristotelian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus%E2%80%93differentia_definition">definition</a>,
I first focus my attention on resilience, a system's ability to preserve one's <i>identity</i> through
an <i>active behavior</i>. Again Aristotle is quoted as the Giant who first introduced resilience
by the name of entelechy (ἐντελέχεια). But what is identity, and what is behavior?
We tackle first identity.<p>
We do this via an example: we consider a Voice-over-IP application and a call between two endpoints; and we observe
that the identity of this application is not merely the fact that communication between the two endpoints <i>is possible</i>; the identity is preserved only if <i>the quality-of-experience throughout the call matches the expectations of the two endpoints</i>! This brings the endpoints "in the resilience loop" so to say. A system is resilient only
so long as it is able to adjust its operation to what the two external parts — the users of the system — consider as
"acceptable"; for instance, if the endpoints are two human beings, this means that the expected quality is that of
a conversation of two people talking and listening to each other without any problem.<p>
In practice the experienced quality is a dynamic system, namely one that varies its characteristics with time; and the
challenge of resilience is that of being able to compensate for disturbances and keep the experienced quality
"not too far away" from the minimal quality expected by the endpoints. We conclude that resilience calls for
<b>fidelity</b>, namely quality of representation-and-control between a reference domain
and an execution domain. This is in fact an argument brought about by another great Giant scholar,
<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/DF14c_Wiener21stB_cr.pdf">Leibniz</a>.
As anticipated by Leibniz, systems operate in a resource-constrained world and are characterized by
different "powers of representation", namely different fidelity.
The higher the system fidelity — the greatest that is its power of representation — the stronger is that system's claim
for existence: its resilience!
Thus fidelity (both <i>reflective fidelity</i> and <i>control fidelity</i>) among a reference
domain and an execution domain represent one of the factors
that play a significant role in the emergence of quality and resilience.<p>
A typical example is fidelity in cyberphysical systems. As indicated by their very name, cyberphysical systems
base their action on the fidelity of properties in the physical world and corresponding properties in the "cyberworld".
This fidelity is, in mathematical terms, an <i>isomorphism</i>, namely a bijective function that
preserves concepts and operations. Thus in the case of the Voice-over-IP example, fidelity should be
able to preserve concepts such as delay, jitter, echo, and latency: physical phenomena should correspond to <i>cyberphenomena</i>, and vice-versa. In fact a better approach is to talk of <i>fidelities</i> and consider
a fidelity isomorphism for each of the <i>n</i> figures that an
<a href="http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/SYSAPPR.html">open system</a> either senses or control. I use the terms <b><i>n</i>-open systems</b> and <b><i>n</i>-open system</b> fidelities to refer to open systems and their fidelity.<p>
Fidelity allows us to reason about a system's identity. In order to exemplify this I use the case of systems that are open the physical dimension of time. Fidelity in this case is an isomorphism between cybertime and physical time. Several fidelity classes are possible, including for instance the following ones:
<dl>
<dt>[RT]<sub>0</sub>: Perfect fidelity</dt>
<dd>In this case we have perfect correspondence between wall-clock time and computer-clock time.
No drift is possible and the two concepts can always reliably related to one another.</dd>
<dt>[RT]<sub>1</sub>: Strong fidelity</dt>
<dd>This corresponds to hard real-time systems. Drifts are possible, but they are typically known and bound.
The system typically enacts simple forms of behavior (see further on).</dd>
<dt>[RT]<sub>2</sub>: Statistically strong fidelity</dt>
<dd>This corresponds to soft real-time systems. Drifts are not fixed bounds but rather averages and standard
deviations.</dd>
<dt>[RT]<sub>3</sub>: Best-effort fidelity</dt>
<dd>As a result of quality-vs-costs trade-offs the quality drifts experienced by the user should be
most of the time acceptable and not discourage the user form using the system.</dd>
<dt>[RT]<sub>4</sub>: No fidelity</dt>
<dd>No guarantee is foreseen; drifts are possible, unbound, unchecked, and uncontrolled.</dd>
</dl>
The above classes (or others, defined for instance by differentiating among reference bounds and statistical figures)
allow to provide an operational definition of resilience:
Resilience is
<dl>
<dt>Being able to perform one's function</dt>
<dd>("Being at work")</dd>
<dt><b>Staying in the same class!</b></dt>
<dd>Identity is violated as soon as the system changes its class and is no more able to
"stay the same".</dd>
</dl>
This brings the discussion to a second coordinate of resilience, namely
<b><a href="http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Books/Wiener-teleology.pdf">behavior</a></b>. Behavior is interpreted here as
any change an entity enacts in order not to lose its system identity, namely
to "stay in the same class".
As suggested by Rosenblueth, Wiener, and Bigelow, we can distinguish different cases of behavior, including
the following ones:
<dl>
<dt>Passive behavior</dt>
<dd>corresponding to inert systems.</dd>
<dt>Purposeful behavior</dt>
<dd>this is the simplest behavior having a purpose, as it is the case with, e.g., servo-mechanism. This
is the domain of <b>Elasticity</b>: faults, attacks, and disturbances are masked out by making use
of redundancy. Said redundancy is predefined and statically
defined as a result of worst-case analyses. So long as the analyses are correct the system is
resilient; as soon as this is not the case, the system fails. The resulting systems are
inherently fragile (as explained by <a href="#Jones>Dr. Jones</a>); they are
<i><a href="http://mediasite.imec.be/Mediasite/Play/a66bb1768e184e86b5965b13ad24b7dd">sitting ducks for change</a></i>!</dd>
<dt>Teleologic and extrapolatory behaviors</dt>
<dd>are more complex purposeful behaviors of systems whose action is governed by a feedback loop from the goal
or from its extrapolated future state. This is the domain of <b>Resilience</b>: here systems are able
to "be at work" and respond to changes — to some degree — making use of
<a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.com/2014/04/preconditions-to-resilience-11.html">perception</a>, awareness, and planning.</dd>
And finally, <dt>AUTO-PREDICTIVE behaviors!</dt>
<dd>This class of behaviors extends the set proposed by Rosenblueth, Wiener and Bigelow and corresponds
to systems that plan their resilience by evaluating <b>strategy-environment fits</b> and learning
which option best matched which scenario.
Evolutionary Game Theory and machine learning are likely to play a significant role in this context.</dd>
</dl>
The final move of my treatise is then made by stating a conjecture: That the domain of auto-predictive behaviors is that of <b>antifragile computing systems</b>.
Antifragile systems are thus resilient systems that are <b>open to their own system-environment fit</b> and that
are able to develop <i>wisdom</i> as a result of matches between available strategies and obtained
results.
A general structure to achieve antifragility is also conjectured and introduced:
an antifragile computer system should operate as follows:
<ul>
<li> Monitor fidelities;
<li> Whenever system identity is not jeopardized:
<ul><li>Use computational elasticity strategies;</ul>
<li> Whenever system identity is jeopardized:
<ul><li>Use computational resilience strategies, auto-predictive behaviors, and machine learning to
compensate reactively or proactively for the drift; assess strategy-environment fits; and persist lessons learned.</ul>
</ul>
Our conclusions are finally stated: by differentiating and characterizing antifragile behaviors from elastic and resilient behaviors we
concluded that computational antifragility is indeed different from other systemic abilities such as elasticity or resilience. A great deal of work is needed
to move from ideas and theoretical concepts to an actual antifragile engineering practice of computers
and their software; on the other hand, the expected returns are also exceptional and are mandated by the ever growing
complexity of our systems, services, and societies!
</div>
<h2>Endnotes</h2>
<a name="footnoteone">1</a>: <font color="blue">Text in blue are original contributions by Vincenzo De Florio</font>.
<!--
<hr><div>
<a name="Verhulst">The</a> third presentation was provided by Eric Verhulst, who began by putting the accent on the key attribute of <b>trust</b>, namely "how much the
stakeholders (including the users) consider the system as trustworthy". Trustworthiness includes both functional and non-functional properties, among which Safety: "the control of recognized hazards to achieve
an acceptable level of risk". This may be done in various ways and result in the emergence of
different conditions; Dr. Verhulst thus introduces a normative criterion called ARRL (Assured Reliability and Resilience Level) "that differentiates between the failure conditions and how the system copes with them". The question that
Verhulst addresses in his current contribution is how antifragility may be expressed in terms of ARRL.
To do so he first recalls the notion of Safety Integrity Level (SIL) and Quality-of-Service (QoS). After this he introduces the first 6 ARRL levels.
<center><img src="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Pictures%20%26%20ideas/ARRL0-5.png" style="width: 90%"></center>
As can be seen from the above picture, each level states
</div>
<p>
tweets!!
LinkedIn group!!
Welcome to this group on the computational aspects of antifragility! This group is open and you can post your questions (and answers!) on this problem. It is also meant to be a first step towards building a Community of people interested in the subject and to make it possible for every member to share their insight and experiences in this field.
As a member, this is also to share with you the following introductory pieces of information:
1) ERACLIOS, "Elasticity, Resilience, Antifragility in CoLlective and Individual Objects and Systems", is a blog meant to share ideas about computational aspects of antifragility, resilience, and elasticity. Feel free to have a look, comment, and contribute with your posts! In the next few days a post will appear with the minutes and couments of the ANTIFRAGILE'14 workshop.
2) ANTIFRAGILE, the International Workshop “From Dependable to Resilient, from Resilient to Antifragile Ambients and Systems”. ANTIFRAGILE is meant to be the official organ and yearly meeting place for our community-to-be; you are very welcome to participate!
3) All the papers of the first edition of ANTIFRAGILE, ANTIFRAGILE'14, are freely available for download from the Procedia Computer Science website: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_method=list&_hubEid=1-s2.0-S1877050914X00074&_auth=y&_version=1&refSource=toc&_pubType=J&PDF_DDM_MAX=20&_cid=280203&md5=84020809746639609770063e4d22eacb&chunk=0&view=c&go=next&chunkSize=100&hitCount=167&count=167&hubEID=&zone=exportDropDown&citation-type=RIS&format=cite-abs&NEXT_LIST=Y
I look forward to collaborate and build up with you a living source of positive "Community Antifragile" energy!
- Vincenzo.
<tr>
<td><a href="#Verhulst">Eric Verhulst</a></td>
<td><a href="">Presentation</a></td>
<td><a href="">Article</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="#Abid">Amal Abid</a></td>
<td><a href="">Presentation</a></td>
<td><a href="">Article</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="#Bakhouya">Mohamed Bakhouya</a></td>
<td><a href="">Presentation</a></td>
<td><a href="">Article</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="#Guang">Liang Guang</a></td>
<td><a href="">Presentation</a></td>
<td><a href="">Article</a></td>
</tr>
-->Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-70500549583134404432014-04-29T19:10:00.001+02:002014-04-29T22:15:48.133+02:00Preconditions to Resilience: 1.2 PerceptionFrank Zappa once said:
<blockquote>
“A mind is like a parachute. It doesn't work if it is not open.”
</blockquote>
Paraphrasing Zappa we could say that the same applies to a resilient system: it must be open to
"<a href="http://books.google.be/books/about/Aristotle_s_Physics.html?id=6ychtCR4TZUC&redir_esc=y">be at work and stay the same</a>". Therefore in my <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.com/2014/04/preconditions-to-resilience-11.html">previous post</a> I focused on openness and perception as prerequisites to resilience.
There I introduced the three basic services perception is based upon: sensors, quale, and memory.
(As discussed <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/DF14a_ANTIFRAGILE14.pdf">elsewhere</a>, antifragility extends resilience with (machine-) learning capability,
therefore what we mentioned in our post also applies to computational antifragility.)
In this post I continue the discussion providing a practical example: a perception
service for a well-known and quite widespread programming language, the so called "C" language.<p>
My discussion will not be a very technical one, and I will do my best to remember that the reader may not be a
programmer or an expert in computers altogether! A number of computer-specific concepts
<i>will</i> be required though, which will be now introduced as gently and as non-technically
as possible (at least, as possible to <i>me</i>!)<br>
The reader accustomed to terms such as
"programming language", "computer program", or "programming language variables" may skip this part
and go immediately to <a href="#RealStart">the next one</a>.<p><p>
<hr>
To better enjoy this part the reader is suggested to listen to Frank Zappa's "Call Any Vegetable", kindly
provided <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=258IAiOtnuw#">here</a>.<p>
If you want your computer to do things for you, you need to formulate the intended actions in a way that the computer may understand. Though very fast, computers "speak" a very simple
language; that language is so simple that it would be unpractical and in most cases unreasonable to expect a human being to "speak" the same language of a computer.
<blockquote>
People who do are often called <i>nerds</i> or in some cases <i>engineers</i>, this second term possibly meaning "persons that talk to engines".
(Have you ever seen one such person while s/he calls an engine? Quite moving. Or, at least, the engine often does afterwards.)
</blockquote><p>
As the computer are very good at doing fast very simple things, a first sensible thing to do was to let the computers understand more complex actions. Engineers
talked to computers and created "interpreters". As a result of this magic,
instead of speaking directly to the machine, people now formulate their commands in some special language. Commands are called "programs" and those special languages are called
"programming languages".<p>
<blockquote>(By the way, those "interpreters" were programs too. And yes, I'm using the term "interpreter" for the sake of simplicity.)</blockquote><p>
Once the first programming languages were created, people could translate their commands — for instance, mathematical formulae — in the
simple-and-fast "native language" of computers. Not very surprisingly, that language is often called "machine language".
Among the first programming languages that were created there was FORTRAN. FORTRAN in fact stands for
FORmula TRANslator. Once the trick was found and its positive returns assessed, other nerds/engineers decided to apply it again and again: as a result,
now we have programs written in complex programming languages that are automagically translated into programs in other and simpler
programming languages. <b>IF</b> each program is correctly translated and ultimately performs the actions that were intended by the user,
then the scheme will work nicely. Yes, it's a big "<b>IF</b>" there.<p>
<blockquote>In mathematical terms: if each "stage" of the above translation process is an isomorphism (namely a function that preserves in the output
the validity of the input operations);
and if the whole transitive closure is also isomorphic; then <i>the chances are good that the</i> computer <i>will respond to you</i> as you expect it to do.<p>
(In fact even vegetables sometimes are known to respond to you.<br>By the way, computers are not vegetables. Cabbage is a vegetable. Dig?
Need Zappa for that.)
</blockquote><p>
Okay, so now we know more or less what is a program and what is a programming language. We just need another few little ingredients and then we are ready to go
with the main course for today — our perception layer. We still need to explain two "little things". One is memory. You might have heard that computers have memories
(you know, "my computer has four gigabytes of that!" — "Oh, mine it's better, it's got eight" — that sort of stuff). Memory is were data is stored. If you store things
somewhere, it's good to be able to remember where you stored 'em, otherwise you'd end up like me and the stuff on my desk. But that's another story.<p>
When people want to remember where things are stored, they use names. "Where did you put all your pencils?" "Oh those ones? They are in the desk drawer".
"Desk drawer" should ideally identify in a clear way where I put those pencils. If there's several drawers in my desk I should be more specific:
"they are in the third drawer", for instance. The same applies to computers. Computer memories consists of a long array of "drawers", called "words".
If we want to specify where something is stored in a memory word, we must tell its position in the array. That position is called the <i>address</i> of the word.
An action for my computer could then be "let me have a look at the content of the memory word at the address 123456"; another one could be
"write number 10 in the memory word at the address 123456".<p>
One of the first things that were introduced in programming languages was a better way to refer
to those memory words and their content. The engineerds had an idea: let us create names to label certain areas of memory corresponding to memory words.
Better, let us allow the program writers to choose their own names. As an example, if I write
<center>
<tt>
int CALEDONIA_MAHOGANIES_ELBOWS;
</tt>
</center><p>
what I'm actually telling the computer is:
<center>
"<i>Hello mr. computer, please reserve a memory word for me; from now on I will refer to said memory word through the name</i>
<tt>CALEDONIA_MAHOGANIES_ELBOWS</tt>;
<i>mind that said memory word will be used to store and retrieve integer numbers
(or better, computer representations thereof).</i>"
</center><p><p>
<tt>CALEDONIA_MAHOGANIES_ELBOWS</tt> is the name of a variable in a programming language. In this
case the programming language is called C and the variable is integer. The latter means that
the variable can be used in any arithmetic (or Boolean) expression that accepts an integer number as
an argument; one such expression
is for instance <tt>CALEDONIA_MAHOGANIES_ELBOWS = 7;</tt> which stores in the memory word
reserved to <tt>CALEDONIA_MAHOGANIES_ELBOWS</tt> the representation of integer number "7".
Another such expression is, for instance,
<tt>CALEDONIA_MAHOGANIES_ELBOWS / 2</tt>. If the two expressions follow each other in the order
of their appearance here, then the second expression will return the representation of
integer number "3".<p>
We can now proceed to our perception service for the C programming language.<p>
<hr>
<a id="RealStart">As</a> already mentioned, in my <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.com/2014/04/preconditions-to-resilience-11.html">previous post</a> I observed how resilience requires some form of reactive or proactive behavior. In turn, those behaviors
call for the system to be "open" — in the sense discussed in previous post and <a href="http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/SYSAPPR.html">here</a>: the system must be able to continuously communicate and “interact with other systems outside of" itself. In what follows the system at hand will be a program written in C using a special tool.
This tool in fact allows a number of <i>sensors</i> to be interfaced and corresponding <i>qualia</i> to be associated
to programming languages variables. No special <i>memory</i> services are needed, in that variables are
automatically preserved by the hardware.<p>
How does a programming language such as C cope with writing an open system? Not that well actually. No standard
tool in the language and supporting system provides standard support for this. How do we optimally manage this then?
Through what I call <b>reflective variables</b>.<p>
What is a reflective variable? Well, it's a special type of programming language variable. What makes it special
is the fact that the value of a reflective variable is not "stable"; rather, it changes dynamically
and abruptly. Why? Because a reflective variable is associated with a hardware sensor and stores the values
representing the "raw facts" registered by that sensor and converted into corresponding quale. Thus if
we assume that a reflective variable, called <tt>int temperature</tt>, is associated to a thermostat, then
<tt>temperature</tt> would automatically change its values so as to <i>reflect</i> the figures measured
by the thermostat. As an example if the thermostat is turned on and measures a temperature of 20°C,
a little later reflective variable <tt>temperature</tt> would be set to integer value "20"; and if
at some point the thermostat realizes the temperature has dropped
from 20°C to 19°C, then somewhat later <tt>temperature</tt> would change its value from "20" to "19".<p>
Sensors, reflective variables, and memory provide a C program with a perception service
as defined <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.com/2014/04/preconditions-to-resilience-11.html">here</a>.
This allows a system programmed in C to be "open" — to a certain degree. As an example take a look at
the following picture:
<center><img src="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Pictures%20%26%20ideas/rr0.png" style="width: 70%"></center>
The picture shows a program that prints the content of reflective variable <tt>int cpu</tt> every two seconds.
<tt>cpu</tt> is an integer number that
varies between 0 to 100. Said number is in fact the quale
that represents the percentage of utilization of the CPU.
The Windows task manager is also shown to visualize the actual CPU usage over time.
<blockquote>The actual code of this program and some explanations are given in
<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.3614">here</a> and
<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/sepa11.pdf">here</a>.
The code for the system supporting reflective variable <tt>cpu</tt> is available on demand.
</blockquote>
A more complex example is shown in the following picture:
<center><img src="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Pictures%20%26%20ideas/rr2.png" style="width: 100%"></center>
Here we have two reflective variable, <tt>int cpu</tt> and <tt>int mplayer</tt>. By using these two reflective
variables
a program becomes "open" two context figures: the amount of CPU used (as in previous example)
and the state of an instance of the <a href="http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/news.html">mplayer</a> video player.
As we have already described <tt>cpu</tt>, now we focus on <tt>mplayer</tt>: the latter is an integer variable
whose qualia identify , e.g., whether an mplayer instance has been launched (code: <tt>4</tt>); if it is
currently being slowed down (code: <tt>2</tt>); whether the user requested to abort processing (code: <tt>5</tt>);
and whether the mplayer instance exited (code: <tt>1</tt>).
The left-hand window shows the mplayer instance while the right-hand windows shows our exemplary program.
The first highlighted area in the left-hand window shows the text produced by mplayer when it detects that
"the system is too slow to play" the current video. The second highlighted area in the left-hand window
shows the text produced by mplayer when the user type "^C" and aborts the rendering. In the right-hand window
we see the cpu growing from 24% to 99 or 100% due to the CPU-intensive rendering task of mplayer.
The "Mplayer server:" messages tell when reflective variable <tt>mplayer</tt> changes its state as well as
its new state value and an explanation of the meaning of the state transition.<p>
<blockquote>Further explanations are given
<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.3614">here</a> and
<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/sepa11.pdf">here</a>.
The code for the system supporting reflective variable <tt>cpu</tt> and <tt>mplayer</tt>
is available on demand.
</blockquote>
<hr>
In this post and the previous one we discussed perception as a first "ingredient" towards resilient systems.
Next, we are going to define and exemplify awareness.<p>
As a final message I'd like to express my gratitude to <a href="https://twitter.com/rhoerer">The Resentment Listener</a>, who is kindly initiating me to the Art, System, and Life of Frank Vincent Zappa.
(He's my Zappa guru — though not in the sense of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjPlhb4f9P8">Cosmik Debris</a>, mind! "Now what kind of a guru are you anyway?" 😉)<p>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">Preconditions to Resilience: 1.2 Perception</span> by <span xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" property="cc:attributionName">Vincenzo De Florio</span> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.<br />Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com" rel="cc:morePermissions">mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com</a>.Vincenzohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07946973598202925025noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1611283965509433451.post-5641906798040765702014-04-14T00:50:00.000+02:002014-04-14T00:50:17.149+02:00Preconditions to Resilience: 1.1 PerceptionThree important preconditions to resilience are <b>perception</b>, <b>awareness</b>, and <b>planning</b>.
Perception is key because "<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/autoresilience.pdf">What we cannot perceive, we cannot react from—hence we cannot adapt to</a>".
Awareness (also called apperception) is key in that it "<a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/autoresilience.pdf">defines how
[the perception data] are accrued, put in relation with past perception, and used to
create dynamic models of the “self” and of the “world”</a>."
Planning is also fundamental for the purpose of guaranteeing resilience, as it means
being able to make effective use of the accrued knowledge to plan a reactive or a proactive response to the onset of
change.<p>
This post is a first of a few ones where we shall discuss the above mentioned preconditions. We begin here with perception.<p><p>
We begin by defining the main term of our discussion. Thus <i>what is perception</i>? In what follows we shall refer to perception as to an <u>open system</u>’s ability to become <u>timely aware</u> of some portion of the <u>context</u>. Underlined words are those that most likely require some explanation:
<dl>
<dt>Open systems</dt>
<dd>are systems that continuously communicate and “<a href="http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/SYSAPPR.html">interact with other systems outside of themselves</a>”. Modern electronic devices and cyber-physical systems are typical examples of open systems that more and more are being deployed around us in different shapes and “things”!</dd>
<dt>Context</dt>
<dd>is defined by <a href="https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/3389/99-22.pdf;jsessionid=92EFE354C963068E78232D048DAE9C44.smart1?sequence=1">Dey and Abowd</a> as
“any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity, where an entity can be a person, place, or object. [...] These entities are anything relevant to the interaction between the
user and application, including the user and the application.”
</dd>
<dt>Timely aware</dt>
<dd>puts the accent on the fact that perception of a context change requires performance guarantees.
If I become aware of something when the consequences of the event are beyond my sphere of reaction,
then it is too late: if a goalkeeper becomes aware of the ball when it's penetrated into the goal, he or she is not
doing their job well.
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
In order to understand perception and related problems I think it is wise to break perception down into three distinct aspects, which I call
<b>sensors</b>, <b>quale</b>, and <b>memory</b>.<p>
<p>
<dl>
<dt>Sensors</dt>
<dd>may be considered as the primary interface with the "physical world". Sensors register certain
“raw facts” (for instance luminosity, heat, sounds...) and transmit information
to the system’s processing and control units—its “brains”. The amount and quality of the
sensors and of the sensory processes have a direct link with the "openness" of a system and ultimately
with its resilience. Note also that the sensing processes imply a change of representation and thus
an encoding. The overall quality of perception strongly depends also on the quality of this encoding process.</dd>
<dt>Quale</dt>
<dd>(singular: Qualia) are the system-dependent internal representations of the raw facts
registered by the sensors. Also in this case the quality of reactive control -- and thus also the quality of resilience -- strictly depend on the qualia processes. In particular we need to consider the following quality attributes:
<ul>
<li> The <i>fidelity</i> of the representation process. This may be considered as the robustness of
an isomorphism between the physical
and the cybernetic domain as explained in <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/DF14a_ANTIFRAGILE14.pdf">this paper</a>;
<li> The time elapsed between the physical appearance of a raw fact and the corresponding production of a qualia (I call this the <i>qualia manifestation latency</i>);
<li> The amount of raw facts that may be reliably encoded as quale per time unit (which I call
<i>reflective throughput</i>).
</ul>
<dt>Memory</dt>
<dd>is the service that persists the quale. Whatever the quality of the sensors and quale services,
if the system does not retain information there's no chance that it will make good use of it!
Thus the quality of the memory services of perception is another important
precondition to overall quality and resilience. We may consider, among others, the following two quality attributes:
<ul>
<li> The average probability that qualia <i>q</i> will be available in memory after time <i>t</i> from
its last retrieval (<i>retention probability</i>);
<li> How quickly the "control layers" can access the qualia (<i>qualia access time</i>).
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<ul><ul><ul>
As a digression — don't you find it "magic", so to say, how sometimes you can find a modern truth hidden in an old, old book? I do! And if you want an example of this, have a look at Dante's Divine Comedy, third book, Canto V:
<blockquote><i>Apri la mente a quel ch’io ti paleso<br>
e fermalvi entro; ché non fa scïenza,<br>
sanza lo ritenere, avere inteso</i><p>
(“<i>Open</i> thy mind to that which I reveal,<br>
And <i>fix it there within</i>; for 'tis not knowledge,<br>
The having heard without <i>retaining</i> it.”)<br>
<footer>— <a href="http://italian.about.com/library/anthology/dante/blparadiso005.htm">Paradise, V, 40-42</a>.</footer>
</blockquote>
Ain't it amazing how the above three lines closely correspond to sensors, quale, and memory? Magic, isn't it? ;-)
</ul></ul></ul>
Okay so if we want to talk about resilience we need to discuss perception first; and if we want to discuss perception
we need to consider in turn the above three aspects. Kind of fractal, if you ask me. Good! What now? Well, now we can build models of perception and try to use them to have an answer to questions such as how good (better, how <i>open</i>) a system is or which of any two systems is "better" in terms of perception.<p>
As mentioned in <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2013/11/what-system-is-most-resilient.html">another post</a>,
resilience is no absolute figure; you can't tell whether a system is better than another one in terms of resilience without considering a reference environment! Well, the same applies to perception. Also in the case of perception quality is the result of a match with a reference environment.<p>
Let me illustrate this through the following example:
suppose we have a system, <i>S</i>, that can perceive four context figures — figure 1, 2, 3, and 4.
We shall assume that the perception subservices of <i>S</i> are <i>practically perfect</i>, meaning that none of the
above mentioned quality attributes (qualia manifestation latency, reflective throughput, retention probability, qualia access time, etc.) translate in limiting factors during a given observation period.<p>
Now we take <i>S</i> and we place it in a certain environment, let's say environment <i>E</i>. Let us suppose that <i>five</i> context figures can change in <i>E</i>: the four ones that are detected by <i>S</i> plus an other one — figure 5.<p>
As a result of this deployment step, several changes take place as time goes on. Let us suppose that during a given observation period the following changes occur:
<dl>
<dt>Time segment s<sub>1</sub>:</dt> <dd>Context figures 1 to 4 change their state.</dd>
<dt>Time segment s<sub>2</sub>:</dt> <dd>Context figure 1 and context figure 4 change their state.</dd>
<dt>Time segment s<sub>3</sub>:</dt> <dd>Context figure 4 changes its state.</dd>
<dt>Time segment s<sub>4</sub>:</dt> <dd>Context figures 1 to 4 change their state.</dd>
<dt>Time segment s<sub>5</sub>:</dt> <dd><b>All</b> context figures, namely context figures 1 to 5, change their state.</dd>
</dl>
<center><img src="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Pictures%20%26%20ideas/SEF.png" style="width: 100%"></center>
What is depicted above and was just described is clearly the behavior of a dynamic system, thus it is wise to point this out explicitly by writing "<i>E</i>(<i>t</i>)" instead of just "<i>E</i>".<p>
So what happens to <i>S</i> while we move on from s<sub>1</sub> to s<sub>5</sub>? Well, during s<sub>1</sub> and s<sub>4</sub> we are in a perfect situation: the system perception and the changes enacted by the environment are perfectly matched. In s<sub>2</sub> and s<sub>3</sub> the situation is still favorable, though no more optimal:
system <i>S</i> is ready to perceive any of the four context figure changes, but changes only affect a subset of those figures. Thus "energy", or attention, is wasted. (Think of an eye that constantly watches something; if we knew that
that something will not change its state in the next 5 minutes, we could close the eye and relax for that amount of time 😄<p>
But the real problem occurs during s<sub>5</sub>: then, the environment
produces a change that is not detectable by system <i>S</i>. A dreadful example that comes to mind is that
of a man in the middle of a minefield. Short of minesweeping sensors, the man would have no way to detect the presence
of a land mine, often with devastating consequences.<p>
What can we learn from even so simplistic a model as the one we've just shown?<p>
A couple of things in particular:<p>
<ol>
<li> First, that the design of the perception system already defines the "shape" of the design for resilience.
In fact if <i>S</i> is static, then it can only be the result of design trade-off carried out considering
a generic environment. A worst-case analysis needs to be carried out to evaluate what worst-possible "range"
of environmental conditions system <i>S</i> will be prepared to match. This is clearly an elasticity strategy rather than a resilience one. Apart from a limited and bound quality, said strategies imply non negligible development and
operating costs and strongly limit the design freedom of the other resilience subsystems — the awareness and planning systems in particular. A better design is therefore that of an <i>S</i>(<i>t</i>) perception system, namely one that is prepared to reconfigure itself so as to "widen" and "shorten" perception depending on the observed environmental conditions. In the future scenarios of <b>cyber-physical societies</b> depicted, e.g., in our
post <a href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2013/11/what-system-is-most-resilient.html">here</a>, a <i>collective</i> cyber-physical
thing <i>S</i>(<i>t</i>) could be dynamically built by selecting cyber-physical sensors and qualia services matching the current requirements.
<li> Secondly, by considering how near or how far the system perception gets to the optimal match with the current environmental conditions, it could be possible to provide the "upper layers" of resilience (namely the awareness and planning subsystems) with an indication of the risk of failures.
As an example, if we consider again the above example and the five time segments s<sub>1</sub>, ..., s<sub>5</sub>,
we could observe that s<sub>1</sub> and s<sub>4</sub> are those that represent the higher risk of an environment "outwitting" the system design; s<sub>2</sub> and especially s<sub>3</sub> represent more "relaxed" conditions; while s<sub>5</sub> is a condition of perception failure. In <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/67040428/Articles/1403.0339v1%20FIT.pdf">this paper</a> I have shown how this may be used to define a quantitative measure of the risk of failures.
</ol>
Next post will be devoted to a particular example: a perception layer for the C programming language.<p><p>
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">Preconditions to Resilience: 1.1 Perception</span> by <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="http://eraclios.blogspot.be/2014/04/preconditions-to-resilience-11.html" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">Vincenzo De Florio</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.<br />Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com" rel="cc:morePermissions">mailto:vincenzo.deflorio@gmail.com</a>.
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